Mahabharata — Anushasana Parva, Shloka 61
Bhīṣma’s Yogic Departure, Royal Cremation, and Gaṅgā’s Lament (भीष्मस्य योगयुक्त्या देहत्यागः, पितृमेधः, गङ्गाविलापः)
दुर्योधनापराधेन कर्णस्य शकुनेस्तथा । दुःशासनचतुर्थानां कुरवो निधनं गता:,दुर्योधन, दुःशासन, कर्ण और शकुनि--इन्हीं चारोंके अपराधसे सारे कौरव मारे गये हैं
duryodhanāparādhena karṇasya śakunes tathā | duḥśāsana-caturthānāṁ kuravo nidhanaṁ gatāḥ ||
Wika ni Bhishma: Dahil sa kasalanan ni Duryodhana—at gayundin nina Karna, Shakuni, at Duhshasana—napahamak ang mga Kaurava. Ipinahihiwatig niya na ang pagbagsak ng isang buong angkan ay maaaring masundan hanggang sa mga salang pasya ng iilan na nagtulak sa pamayanan tungo sa adharma at digmaan.
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
A community can be ruined by the sustained wrongdoing (aparādha) of influential individuals; unethical leadership and complicity create collective consequences, culminating in destruction.
Bhishma identifies the principal agents whose offenses led to the Kauravas’ annihilation—Duryodhana, Karna, Shakuni, and Duhshasana—summarizing moral causality behind the war’s outcome.