Shloka 22

Devanagari script

तं तु राजा प्रतोदेन चोदयामास भारत । न चुकोप स धर्मात्मा ततः पादेन देवराट्‌

Transliteration

taṃ tu rājā pratodena codayāmāsa bhārata | na cukopa sa dharmātmā tataḥ pādena devarāṭ ||

Translation

Sinabi ni Bhīṣma: O inapo ni Bharata, sinundot siya ng hari gamit ang pang-udyok. Ngunit ang matuwid na iyon ay hindi nagalit; saka ang panginoon ng mga diyos ay tumama gamit ang kanyang paa.

Word by Word

• तम्: him
• तम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• तु: but/indeed
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु

• राजा: the king
• राजा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• प्रतोदेन: with a goad/whip
• प्रतोदेन: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रतोद
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• चोदयामास: urged/drove on
• Type: Verb
• Root: चुद्
• Form: Perfect (Periphrastic Perfect), 3rd, Singular

• भारत: O Bharata
• Type: Noun
• Root: भारत
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• न: not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• चुकोप: became angry
• Type: Verb
• Root: कुप्
• Form: Perfect, 3rd, Singular

• सः: he
• सः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• धर्मात्मा: righteous-souled
• Type: Adjective
• Root: धर्मात्मन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• ततः: then/thereupon
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः

• पादेन: with (his) foot
• पादेन: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाद
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• देवराट्: the king of the gods (Indra)
• देवराट्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: देवराज्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhīṣma
• Bhārata (addressee, typically Yudhiṣṭhira)
• rājā (the king)
• dharmātmā (the righteous person being prodded)
• Devarāṭ (Indra)
• pratoda (goad)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the ethical ideal of akrodha (freedom from anger) and kṣamā (forbearance): even when provoked or treated harshly, a dharmātmā remains unshaken, showing inner mastery rather than reactive hostility.

What is happening in the narrative?

Bhīṣma narrates an episode in which a king urges someone forward using a goad. The person, described as dharmātmā, does not become angry. Immediately after, Devarāṭ (Indra), the king of the gods, is said to strike with his foot—indicating a sudden divine action within the story.