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Shloka 31

Jaradkāru Encounters the Pitṛs

Jaratkāru-Pitṛdarśana

मनुष्याणां च यो धाता राजा राज्यकर: पुन: । दशश्रोत्रियसमो राजा इत्येवं मनुरब्रवीत्‌,देवताके प्रसन्न होनेसे वर्षा होती है, वर्षसि अन्न पैदा होता है और अन्नसे निरन्तर मनुष्योंके हितका पोषण करते हुए राज्यका पालन करनेवाला राजा मनुष्योंके लिये विधाता (धारण-पोषण करनेवाला) है। राजा दस श्रोत्रियके समान है, ऐसा मनुजीने कहा है

manuṣyāṇāṃ ca yo dhātā rājā rājyakaraḥ punaḥ | daśaśrotriyasamo rājā ity evaṃ manur abravīt ||

Sabi ni Śamīka: “Ang haring nagtataguyod at nag-iingat sa lipunan ng tao at, muli, maayos na namamahala sa kaharian ay isang ‘dhātā’—tagapagtaguyod at tagapagpanatili—para sa mga tao. Ipinahayag ni Manu na ang gayong hari ay katumbas sa halaga ng sampung śrotriya (mga maybahay na dalubhasa sa Veda).”

मनुष्याणाम्of men / of humans
मनुष्याणाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमनुष्य
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धाताsupporter; sustainer; ordainer
धाता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधातृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राज्यकरःone who makes/maintains the kingdom (state-sustainer)
राज्यकरः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootराज्यकर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पुनःagain; moreover
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
दशश्रोत्रियसमःequal to ten learned Brahmins (śrotriyas)
दशश्रोत्रियसमः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदश-श्रोत्रिय-सम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus (quotative)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
एवम्in this manner
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
मनुःManu
मनुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमनु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अब्रवीत्said; spoke
अब्रवीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

शमीक उवाच

Ś
Śamīka
M
Manu
K
King (rājā)
Ś
Śrotriya

Educational Q&A

The verse elevates righteous kingship as a dharmic duty: a king who sustains and properly governs society is a vital upholder of human welfare, and Manu’s authority is cited to state that such a king’s merit equals that of ten Veda-learned śrotriyas.

Śamīka is speaking and invokes Manu’s dictum to emphasize the king’s religious-ethical stature as protector and sustainer of the people, framing governance itself as a sacred responsibility.