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Shloka 54

Ādi-parva Adhyāya 3 — Janamejaya’s Rite, Dhaumya’s Parīkṣā, and Uttanka’s Kuṇḍala Quest (सर्पसत्रप्रस्तावना–गुरुपरीक्षा–उत्तङ्कोपाख्यान)

स॒ उपाध्यायवचनं श्रु॒त्वा प्रत्युवाचोच्चैरयमस्मिन्‌ू कूपे पतितो5हमिति तमुपाध्याय: प्रत्युवाच कथ॑ं त्वमस्मिन्‌ कूपे पतित इति,उसने उपाध्यायकी बात सुनकर उच्च स्वरसे उत्तर दिया--“गुरुजी! मैं कुएँमें गिर पड़ा हूँ।' तब उपाध्यायने उससे पूछा--“वत्स! तुम कुएँमें कैसे गिर गये?”

sa upādhyāya-vacanaṃ śrutvā pratyuvācoccair ayam asmin kūpe patito 'ham iti | tam upādhyāyaḥ pratyuvāca kathaṃ tvam asmin kūpe patita iti |

Nang marinig ang mga salita ng guro, sumagot siya nang malakas, “Guro, nahulog po ako sa balong ito.” At tinanong siya ng guro, “Anak, paano ka nahulog sa balong ito?”

सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उपाध्याय-वचनम्the teacher's words
उपाध्याय-वचनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवचन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
श्रुत्वाhaving heard
श्रुत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral)
प्रत्युवाचreplied
प्रत्युवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रति-उच्
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
उच्चैःaloud
उच्चैः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउच्चैः
अयम्I (this person)
अयम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अस्मिन्in this
अस्मिन्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
कूपेin a well
कूपे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकूप
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
पतितःfallen
पतितः:
TypeVerb
Rootपत्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormMasculine/Feminine, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus/quoting
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
तम्him
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
उपाध्यायःthe teacher
उपाध्यायः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउपाध्याय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रत्युवाचreplied/said in return
प्रत्युवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रति-उच्
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
कथम्how
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormMasculine/Feminine, Nominative, Singular
अस्मिन्in this
अस्मिन्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
कूपेin the well
कूपे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकूप
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
पतितःfallen
पतितः:
TypeVerb
Rootपत्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति

राम उवाच

U
upādhyāya (teacher)
A
a student/speaker (unnamed)
K
kūpa (well)

Educational Q&A

The verse models ethical inquiry: after acknowledging a problem truthfully, one should investigate its cause. The teacher’s question reflects responsible guidance—understanding circumstances before judging or acting.

A student (or speaker) calls out that he has fallen into a well. The teacher responds immediately by asking how it happened, initiating a cause-and-context discussion.