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Shloka 29

मुक्ता-उत्पत्ति-भेदाः, मूल्य-मान-निर्णयः, शोधन-परीक्षा-लक्षणानि

Pearl Sources, Valuation, Refinement, and Identification

Devanagari script

अर्धाधिकं माषकमुन्मितस्य समं च विंशत्रितयं शतानाम् / गुञ्जाश्च षड् धारयतः शते द्वे मूल्यं परं तस्य वदन्ति तज्ज्ञाः / अध्यर्धमुन्मान(प) कृतं शतं स्यान्मूल्यं गुणैस्तस्य समन्वितस्य

Transliteration

ardhādhikaṃ māṣakamunmitasya samaṃ ca viṃśatritayaṃ śatānām / guñjāśca ṣaḍ dhārayataḥ śate dve mūlyaṃ paraṃ tasya vadanti tajjñāḥ / adhyardhamunmāna(pa) kṛtaṃ śataṃ syānmūlyaṃ guṇaistasya samanvitasya

Translation

Para sa sinukat na isang māṣaka na may dagdag na kalahati, ang halaga ay sinasabing katumbas ng isang daan at animnapu. Para sa may bigat na anim na butil ng guñjā, ipinahahayag ng mga dalubhasa na ang pinakamataas na halaga ay dalawang daan. Kapag ang sukat ay ginawang isa’t kalahating ulit, nagiging isang daan ang pamantayan; at ang halaga nito, na may angkop na mga katangian, ay itinatakda ayon doon.

Word by Word
ardha-adhikamhalf more
ardha-adhikam:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootardha + adhika (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन — ‘half more’
māṣaka-unmitasyaof (that which is) measured in māṣakas
māṣaka-unmitasya:
Sambandha (Genitive/षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
TypeAdjective
Rootmāṣaka + unmita (कृदन्त; √mā मा धातु)
Formपुं/नपुंसक, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष + क्त-प्रत्ययान्त — ‘of (that) measured in māṣakas’
samamequal
samam:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsama (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन — ‘equal’
caand
ca:
Sambandha (Conjunction/समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक अव्यय
viṃśati-tritayamthree twenties (sixty)
viṃśati-tritayam:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootviṃśati + tritaya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष — ‘a triad of twenties’ (=60)
śatānāmof hundreds
śatānām:
Sambandha (Genitive/षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootśata (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठī), बहुवचन — ‘of hundreds’
guñjāḥguñjā seeds
guñjāḥ:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootguñjā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन — ‘guñjā seeds’
caand
ca:
Sambandha (Conjunction/समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक अव्यय
ṣaṭsix
ṣaṭ:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootṣaṣ (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
Formप्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचनार्थे — ‘six’ (agreeing with guñjāḥ)
dhārayataḥholds
dhārayataḥ:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√dhṛ (धृ धातु)
Formलट् (present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन, परस्मैपद — ‘holds/bears’
śatein a hundred (scale)
śate:
Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootśata (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन — ‘in a hundred’
dvetwo
dve:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootdvi (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, द्विवचन — ‘two’
mūlyamvalue
mūlyam:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootmūlya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन
paramhighest
param:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootpara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन — ‘highest’
tasyaof that
tasya:
Sambandha (Genitive/षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), एकवचन — ‘of that’
vadantisay
vadanti:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√vad (वद् धातु)
Formलट् (present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन, परस्मैपद — ‘say’
tat-jñāḥexperts/knowers
tat-jñāḥ:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad + jña (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष — ‘knowers of that’
adhyardha-unmāna-kṛtamassessed by one-and-a-half measure
adhyardha-unmāna-kṛtam:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootadhyardha + unmāna + kṛta (कृदन्त; √kṛ कृ धातु)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; बहुपद-तत्पुरुष + क्त-प्रत्ययान्त — ‘made/assessed by one-and-a-half measure’
śatama hundred
śatam:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootśata (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन — ‘a hundred’
syātwould be
syāt:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√as (अस् धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन, परस्मैपद — ‘would be/should be’
mūlyamvalue
mūlyam:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootmūlya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन
guṇaiḥwith qualities
guṇaiḥ:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootguṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), बहुवचन — ‘with qualities’
tasyaof that
tasya:
Sambandha (Genitive/षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), एकवचन — ‘of that’
samanvitasyaof the endowed one
samanvitasya:
Sambandha (Genitive/षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
TypeAdjective
Rootsamanvita (कृदन्त; sam-anu-√i/√vī?; lexical adj)
Formपुं/नपुंसक, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त/निष्ठान्त — ‘endowed/possessed’
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Valuation depends on measured weight (māṣaka/guñjā) and on the presence of proper qualities (guṇaiḥ samanvita).

Application: In any assessment (goods, credentials, performance), combine quantitative metrics with qualitative standards; rely on expert verification and transparent criteria.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Geographic Context

Type: appraisal/merchant context (implied)

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.69.26-29 (pearl valuation by weight; culminating note on qualities)

FAQs

This verse ties dharmic practice to precise standards—correct weights and measures ensure fairness in transactions and accuracy in ritual gifting (dāna), preventing adharma caused by under-measurement or deceit.

By emphasizing expert-determined value and standardized measurement, the text frames economic honesty and ritual correctness as dharma; such integrity supports good karma, while manipulation of measures is treated as a moral fault elsewhere in dharma literature.

Maintain honesty and transparency in measurement, pricing, and charitable giving; treat accuracy in offerings and donations as an ethical discipline, not merely a technical detail.

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