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Shloka 90

Ācāra-Nirṇaya: Varṇa-Āśrama Dharma, Śauca, Snāna, Sandhyā, Japa, Tarpaṇa, and Gṛhastha-Dinacaryā

Devanagari script

वैशेषिकं धनं दृष्टं वैश्यस्यापि विलक्षणम् / कृषिगोरक्षवाणिज्यं शूद्रस्यैभ्यस्त्वनुग्रहात्

Transliteration

vaiśeṣikaṃ dhanaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ vaiśyasyāpi vilakṣaṇam / kṛṣigorakṣavāṇijyaṃ śūdrasyaibhyastvanugrahāt

Translation

May isang natatanging anyo ng yaman na tunay na nakikitang katangian ng Vaiśya: pagsasaka, pag-iingat at pagprotekta sa mga baka, at pangangalakal. Ang Śūdra man ay maaari ring magsagawa ng mga ito—sa biyaya at pahintulot ng mga yaon (mas mataas na varṇa).

Word by Word
वैशेषिकम्special/particular
वैशेषिकम्:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootवैशेषिक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1/2), एकवचन; विशेषणम्
धनम्wealth
धनम्:
Karma/Pratipādya (Object/Topic)
TypeNoun
Rootधन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1/2), एकवचन
दृष्टम्is regarded/seen
दृष्टम्:
Kriya (Predicative/क्रिया-भाव)
TypeVerb
Rootदृश् (धातु) → दृष्ट (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकृदन्त (क्त), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1/2), एकवचन; कर्मणि/भावे प्रयोगः
वैश्यस्यof a Vaishya
वैश्यस्य:
Sambandha (Genitive relation/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6), एकवचन
अपिalso
अपि:
Sambandha (Particle/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय/अपवादबोधक-अव्यय (particle)
विलक्षणम्distinct/different
विलक्षणम्:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootवि-लक्षण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1/2), एकवचन; विशेषणम्
कृषिगोरक्षवाणिज्यम्agriculture, cattle-protection, and trade
कृषिगोरक्षवाणिज्यम्:
Karma/Pratipādya (Object/Topic)
TypeNoun
Rootकृषि + गो-रक्षा + वाणिज्य (प्रातिपदिकानि)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1/2), एकवचन; इतरेतर-द्वन्द्वः/समाहार-द्वन्द्वः (collective dvandva; neuter sg)
शूद्रस्यof a Shudra
शूद्रस्य:
Sambandha (Genitive relation/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6), एकवचन
एभ्यःfrom these (occupations/means)
एभ्यः:
Apadana (Source/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5), बहुवचन (ablative plural: 'from these')
तुbut/indeed
तु:
Sambandha (Particle/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formविरोध/विशेषबोधक-अव्यय (particle: 'but/indeed')
अनुग्रहात्from favor/permission
अनुग्रहात्:
Hetu (Cause/हेतु)
TypeNoun
Rootअनुग्रह (प्रातिपदिक; अनु+ग्रह)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5), एकवचन (ablative singular: 'due to/from favor')
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (narrating to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Vaiśya’s distinctive wealth is rooted in agriculture, cattle-rearing, and trade; śūdra may pursue these through the allowance/favor of higher orders.

Vedantic Theme: Svadharma and social interdependence; artha as service to collective order when aligned with duty.

Application: Choose livelihood aligned with aptitude and ethical norms; in mixed-role economies, ensure fair access and non-exploitative patronage relationships.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.213.87-89 (wealth types; brāhmaṇa/kṣatriya); Garuda Purana 1.213.91 (dvija restrictions in distress)

Characters & Entities
V
Vaishya
S
Shudra

FAQs

This verse frames righteous livelihood as part of dharma: it identifies trade-related prosperity as a hallmark of the Vaiśya and notes that agriculture, cattle-care, and commerce may extend to the Śūdra when supported/allowed within the social order.

Indirectly, it supports the broader Garuda Purana theme that ethical conduct begins with how one earns and lives; livelihood aligned with dharma becomes a foundation for merit (puṇya) that influences post-death outcomes discussed elsewhere in the text.

Choose honest work, avoid exploitation in trade, respect food and animal welfare (especially cattle-care), and treat livelihood as an ethical discipline—earning wealth through socially beneficial, responsible means.

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