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Shloka 22

Sāṅkhya: Categories of the Absolute Truth and the Unfolding of Creation

Tattva-vicāra

स्वच्छत्वमविकारित्वं शान्तत्वमिति चेतस: । वृत्तिभिर्लक्षणं प्रोक्तं यथापां प्रकृति: परा ॥ २२ ॥

svacchatvam avikāritvaṁ śāntatvam iti cetasaḥ vṛttibhir lakṣaṇaṁ proktaṁ yathāpāṁ prakṛtiḥ parā

Pagkatapos mahayag ang mahat-tattva, sabay-sabay na lumilitaw ang mga katangiang ito ng kamalayan: kalinawan, kawalang-pagbabago, at kapayapaan. Gaya ng tubig bago dumikit sa lupa—malinaw, matamis, at hindi maalon—gayon din ang dalisay na kamalayan: ganap na katahimikan, linaw, at di-pagkalito.

svacchatvamclarity/purity
svacchatvam:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsvacchatva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); abstract noun in -tva
avikāritvamunchangeableness
avikāritvam:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootavikāritva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular; abstract noun in -tva
śāntatvamtranquillity
śāntatvam:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootśāntatva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular; abstract noun in -tva
itithus
iti:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/quotative marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
FormQuotative particle (इति-प्रयोग)
cetasaḥof the mind
cetasaḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootcetas (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Genitive (षष्ठी/6), Singular (एकवचन)
vṛttibhiḥby (its) functions/modifications
vṛttibhiḥ:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootvṛtti (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Instrumental (तृतीया/3), Plural (बहुवचन)
lakṣaṇamcharacteristic/definition
lakṣaṇam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootlakṣaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular
proktamis said/declared
proktam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeVerb
Root√vac (वच् धातु) + pra- (उपसर्ग) ; prokta (कृदन्त)
FormPast passive participle (क्त/कृदन्त), Neuter, Nominative, Singular; used predicatively with implied 'is'
yathājust as
yathā:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/comparison)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyathā (अव्यय)
FormComparative adverb (उपमानवाचक अव्यय)
apāmof waters
apām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootap (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Genitive (षष्ठी/6), Plural (बहुवचन)
prakṛtiḥnature/essential property
prakṛtiḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootprakṛti (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular
parāsupreme/primary
parā:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootpara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular; agrees with prakṛtiḥ

The pure status of consciousness, or Kṛṣṇa consciousness, exists in the beginning; just after creation, consciousness is not polluted. The more one becomes materially contaminated, however, the more consciousness becomes obscured. In pure consciousness one can perceive a slight reflection of the Supreme Personality of Godhead. As in clear, unagitated water, free from impurities, one can see everything clearly, so in pure consciousness, or Kṛṣṇa consciousness, one can see things as they are. One can see the reflection of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, and one can see his own existence as well. This state of consciousness is very pleasing, transparent and sober. In the beginning, consciousness is pure.

K
Kapila
D
Devahūti

FAQs

In 3.26.22, Lord Kapila states that the mind is recognized by its functions (vṛttis), and its key symptoms are clarity (svacchatva), freedom from distortion (avikāritva), and peacefulness (śāntatva).

Kapila instructs Devahūti in Sāṅkhya-yoga to help her discern the inner instrument (mind) and its states, so she can pursue purification and steady devotion leading toward liberation.

Use the mind’s “vṛttis” as a diagnostic: when thoughts become agitated or distorted, return to practices that restore clarity—truthfulness, regulated habits, and especially bhakti practices like attentive japa and hearing—so the mind becomes calm and steady.