Shloka 41

स्वाध्याय-योगोपदेशः तथा केशिध्वज-खाण्डिक्य-उपाख्यानम्

Yoga through Study and Restraint; The Keśidhvaja–Khāṇḍikya Narrative Frame

Devanagari script

भो नाहं ते ऽपकाराय प्राप्तः खाण्डिक्य मा क्रुधः गुरोर् निष्क्रयदानाय माम् अवेहि त्वम् आगतम्

Transliteration

bho nāhaṃ te 'pakārāya prāptaḥ khāṇḍikya mā krudhaḥ guror niṣkrayadānāya mām avehi tvam āgatam

Translation

“โอ คาณฑิกยะ เรามิได้มาด้วยเจตนาทำร้ายเจ้า อย่าโกรธเลย จงรู้ว่าเรามาเพื่อชำระค่าไถ่เพื่อครูของเจ้า”

Word by Word

• भो: O!
• भो: Sambodhana (Address marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: भो (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; सम्बोधन-निपात (vocative particle)

• न: not
• न: Pratishedha (Negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निषेध-निपात (negation)

• अहम्: I
• अहम्: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: उत्तम-पुरुष-सर्वनाम, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• ते: of you; your
• ते: Sambandha (Possessor)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), एकवचन; सम्बन्ध (your)

• अपकाराय: for harm
• अपकाराय: Sampradana (Recipient/Purpose)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अपकार (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी-विभक्ति (Dative/4th), एकवचन; प्रयोजनार्थ (for the purpose)

• प्राप्तः: come; arrived
• प्राप्तः: Kriya (State/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-आप् (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (Past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; अहम् इति कर्तरि प्रयोग (I have come)

• खाण्डिक्य: O Khāṇḍikya
• खाण्डिक्य: Sambodhana (Address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: खाण्डिक्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• मा: do not
• मा: Pratishedha (Prohibition)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: मा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निषेधार्थ-निपात (prohibitive particle)

• क्रुधः: be angry
• क्रुधः: Kriya (Command)
• Type: Verb
• Root: क्रुध् (धातु)
• Form: लोट्-लकार (Imperative), मध्यम-पुरुष (2nd person), एकवचन

• गुरोः: of the teacher
• गुरोः: Sambandha (Possessor)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गुरु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), एकवचन

• निष्क्रयदानाय: for giving the ransom/compensation
• निष्क्रयदानाय: Prayojana (Purpose)
• Type: Noun
• Root: निष्क्रय + दान (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी-विभक्ति (Dative/4th), एकवचन; प्रयोजनार्थ

• माम्: me
• माम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन

• अवेहि: know; understand
• अवेहि: Kriya (Command)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अव-इ (धातु)
• Form: लोट्-लकार (Imperative), मध्यम-पुरुष, एकवचन

• त्वम्: you
• त्वम्: Karta (Addressee as subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• आगतम्: come; arrived
• आगतम्: Karma (Object qualifier)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-गम् (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (Past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; माम् इति विशेषण

Speaker

A speaker addressing Khāṇḍikya (a named person in the narrative of Ansha 6, Adhyaya 6); framed within the Purāṇic narration of Sage Parāśara to Maitreya

Characters & Entities

• Khāṇḍikya
• Guru (teacher)

FAQs

What is the significance of niṣkraya (ransom/payment) in this verse of the Vishnu Purana?

It highlights an ethic of restitution and lawful release—conflict is de-escalated by affirming harmless intent and fulfilling an obligation connected to a guru, reflecting dharma even amid Kali-yuga conditions.

How does Sage Parāśara explain social ethics in Kali-yuga through such statements?

By embedding concise moral speech—calming anger, rejecting harm, and honoring the guru—within narrative examples, Parāśara illustrates practical dharma as a stabilizing force when societal virtue declines.

What is the theological importance of Lord Vishnu in this context?

Even when Vishnu is not named in the verse, the Purāṇa’s frame presents dharma and rightful conduct as operating under Vishnu’s supreme governance, implying that moral order persists as an expression of the Supreme Reality.