Vamana Purana — Sarasvata Hymn to Vishnu, Shloka 31

The Sarasvata Hymn to Vishnu (Vishnu-Pañjara) and the Redemption of a Rakshasa

Devanagari script

वचनं प्राह धर्मात्मा हेतुमच्च सुभाषितम् कथं क्रूरस्वभावस्य सतस्तव निशाचर सहसैव समायाता जिज्ञासा धर्मवर्त्मनि

Transliteration

vacanaṃ prāha dharmātmā hetumacca subhāṣitam kathaṃ krūrasvabhāvasya satastava niśācara sahasaiva samāyātā jijñāsā dharmavartmani

Translation

ผู้มีจิตตั้งมั่นในธรรมกล่าวถ้อยคำอันไพเราะและมีเหตุผลว่า “โอ้ นิศาจร ผู้มีสันดานโหดร้าย เหตุไฉนความใคร่รู้ในหนทางแห่งธรรมจึงบังเกิดแก่ท่านโดยฉับพลัน?”

Speakers

• Dvijottama (dharmātmā sage) to the rākṣasa/niśācara.

Key Themes

• Repentance and moral awakening
• Dharma as a ‘path’ (vartman)
• Rational discourse in dharma (hetumat)
• Possibility of transformation across beings

Verse Rasa (Emotional Flavour)

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

FAQs

Why does the sage emphasize that his reply is ‘hetumat’ (reasoned)?

Purāṇic dharma instruction is not presented as arbitrary command; it is often framed as rationally defensible—grounded in causality (karma), social order (varṇāśrama), and spiritual aims (śreyas). ‘Hetumat’ signals that the teaching will explain ‘why’ and ‘how’, not merely prescribe.

What is implied by ‘dharma-vartman’ (path of dharma)?

It portrays dharma as a lived course of conduct—stepwise and practicable—rather than a single act. In tīrtha/dharma chapters, this typically includes restraints (yama), observances (niyama), expiations, and acts like dāna and vrata that reorient one’s life.

Is the sage doubting the rākṣasa’s sincerity?

The question highlights narrative tension: a being known for cruelty suddenly seeks dharma. The sage’s inquiry tests motive and sets the stage for a backstory or catalyst (fear, remorse, encounter with a tīrtha, curse/boon, or witnessing a saint), which commonly explains such abrupt transformation in Purāṇic storytelling.