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Vamana Purana — Karmic Causes of Narakas, Shloka 46

Karmic Causes of Narakas and the Irremediability of Ingratitude (Kṛtaghna-doṣa)

Devanagari script

नदीषु गङ्गा जलजेषु पद्मं सुरारिमुख्येषु हराङ्घ्रिभक्तः क्षेत्रेषु यद्वत्कुरुजङ्गलं वरं तीर्थेषु यद्वत् प्रवरं पृथूदकम् // वम्प्_12.45 सरस्सु चैवोत्तरमानसं यथा वनेषु पुण्येषु हि नन्दनं यथा लोकेषु यद्वत्सदनं विरिञ्चेः सत्यं यथा धर्मविधिक्रियासु

Transliteration

nadīṣu gaṅgā jalajeṣu padmaṃ surārimukhyeṣu harāṅghribhaktaḥ kṣetreṣu yadvatkurujaṅgalaṃ varaṃ tīrtheṣu yadvat pravaraṃ pṛthūdakam // VamP_12.45 sarassu caivottaramānasaṃ yathā vaneṣu puṇyeṣu hi nandanaṃ yathā lokeṣu yadvatsadanaṃ viriñceḥ satyaṃ yathā dharmavidhikriyāsu

Translation

ดุจดังในหมู่สายน้ำทั้งหลาย คงคาเป็นยอด; ในหมู่สิ่งที่เกิดในน้ำ ปทุม (ดอกบัว) เป็นยอด; และในหมู่หัวหน้าศัตรูแห่งเทวะ ผู้ภักดีต่อพระบาทของหระ (ศิวะ) เป็นผู้เลิศ. ฉันนั้น ในบรรดาเขตศักดิ์สิทธิ์ กุรุชางคละประเสริฐ; ในบรรดาตีรถะ ปฤถูทกะเป็นยอด; ในบรรดาสระ อุตตรมานสะเป็นยอด; ในบรรดาวนศักดิ์สิทธิ์ นันทนะเป็นยอด; ในบรรดาโลกทั้งหลาย ที่พำนักของวิรินจิ (พรหมา) เป็นยอด; และในพิธีกรรมตามธรรม สัจจะเป็นสิ่งสูงสุด—ดังนี้สิ่งที่สรรเสริญย่อมพึงเข้าใจว่าเป็นเลิศยิ่ง।

Word by Word
नदीषुamong rivers
नदीषु:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootनदी (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/अधिकरण), बहुवचन
गङ्गाGanga
गङ्गा:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootगङ्गा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/कर्ता), एकवचन
जलजेषुamong water-born (things)
जलजेषु:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootजलज (प्रातिपदिक: जल + ज)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/अधिकरण), बहुवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष/उपपद-तत्पुरुषार्थः: 'जले जायते'
पद्मम्lotus
पद्मम्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootपद्म (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/कर्ता), एकवचन
सुरारि-मुख्येषुamong the chief enemies of the gods (asuras)
सुरारि-मुख्येषु:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootसुरारि (प्रातिपदिक) + मुख्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/अधिकरण), बहुवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: 'सुरारिणां मुख्येषु'
हर-अङ्घ्रि-भक्तःdevotee of Hara’s feet (Śiva’s feet)
हर-अङ्घ्रि-भक्तः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootहर (प्रातिपदिक) + अङ्घ्रि (प्रातिपदिक) + भक्त (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/कर्ता), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: 'हरस्य अङ्घ्र्योः भक्तः'
क्षेत्रेषुamong sacred places/fields
क्षेत्रेषु:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootक्षेत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/अधिकरण), बहुवचन
यद्वत्just as / likewise
यद्वत्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/तुलना)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयद्वत् (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; तुलनार्थक-निपात (comparative particle)
कुरुजङ्गलम्Kurujaṅgala (a region)
कुरुजङ्गलम्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootकुरुजङ्गल (प्रातिपदिक: कुरु + जङ्गल)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/कर्ता), एकवचन; कर्मधारय-समास (place-name)
वरम्excellent / best
वरम्:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootवर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifier of कुरुजङ्गलम्)
तीर्थेषुamong pilgrimage places
तीर्थेषु:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootतीर्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/अधिकरण), बहुवचन
यद्वत्just as
यद्वत्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/तुलना)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयद्वत् (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; तुलनार्थक-निपात
प्रवरम्most excellent
प्रवरम्:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रवर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifier of पृथूदकम्)
पृथु-उदकम्abundant water / great water
पृथु-उदकम्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootपृथु (प्रातिपदिक) + उदक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/कर्ता), एकवचन; कर्मधारय: 'पृथु च तत् उदकम्'
सरःसुamong lakes
सरःसु:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootसरस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/अधिकरण), बहुवचन (वैकल्पिक रूप: सरस्सु/सरःसु)
चand
च:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चयार्थक-निपात (conjunction)
एवindeed / precisely
एव:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; अवधारणार्थक-निपात (emphatic particle)
उत्तर-मानसम्Uttara-mānasa (a lake)
उत्तर-मानसम्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootउत्तर (प्रातिपदिक) + मानसम् (प्रातिपदिक: मानस)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/कर्ता), एकवचन; कर्मधारय (place-name: Uttara-mānasa)
यथाas / just as
यथा:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/तुलना)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; उपमानार्थक (comparative)
वनेषुamong forests
वनेषु:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootवन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/अधिकरण), बहुवचन
पुण्येषुholy / meritorious
पुण्येषु:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootपुण्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative), बहुवचन; विशेषण (qualifier of वनेषु)
हिindeed / for
हि:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; हेत्वर्थ/निश्चयार्थक-निपात (indeed/for)
नन्दनम्Nandana (Indra’s grove)
नन्दनम्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootनन्दन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/कर्ता), एकवचन
यथाas
यथा:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/तुलना)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; उपमानार्थक
लोकेषुamong worlds
लोकेषु:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootलोक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/अधिकरण), बहुवचन
यद्वत्just as
यद्वत्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/तुलना)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयद्वत् (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; तुलनार्थक-निपात
सदनम्abode / dwelling
सदनम्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootसदन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/कर्ता), एकवचन
विरिञ्चेःof Viriñci (Brahmā)
विरिञ्चेः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootविरिञ्चि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/सम्बन्ध), एकवचन
सत्यम्truth
सत्यम्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootसत्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/कर्ता), एकवचन
यथाas
यथा:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/तुलना)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; उपमानार्थक
धर्म-विधि-क्रियासुin acts/rites prescribed by dharma
धर्म-विधि-क्रियासु:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म (प्रातिपदिक) + विधि (प्रातिपदिक) + क्रिया (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/अधिकरण), बहुवचन; बहुपद-तत्पुरुष (सम्बन्धार्थ): 'धर्मस्य विधि-क्रियासु'
Speakers
Dialogue framework not explicit in the excerpt; likely within the Purāṇic narration (commonly Pulastya ↔ Nārada in Vāmana Purāṇa)
Primary Deities
Śiva (Hara)Brahmā (Viriñci)
Key Themes
Tīrtha-māhātmyaSacred geography of Kurukṣetra-region (Kurujāṅgala, Pṛthūdaka)Sectarian harmony (Śiva referenced within a geography-praise frame)Satya and dharma in ritual action
Verse Rasa (Emotional Flavour)

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

FAQs

Pilgrimage and sacred-place valuation are not merely geographic: the culminating comparison—‘Truth in dharmic rites’—asserts that satya is the highest purifier within religious practice. The tīrtha catalogue thus points beyond place to conduct: the fruit of tīrtha is stabilized by truthfulness and right performance (dharma-vidhi).

Best classified under didactic material supporting Manvantara/cosmology through sacred geography (kṣetra/tīrtha listings) and dharma instruction. It is not a direct sarga/pratisarga account, but belongs to the Purāṇic function of mapping the sacred world and prescribing value-hierarchies for practice.

The ‘best-of’ chain sacralizes Kurujāṅgala and Pṛthūdaka by placing them in a universal hierarchy (rivers→tīrthas→worlds→virtues). The inclusion of ‘Hara’s-foot devotee’ among asura-chiefs hints at Purāṇic complexity: even adversarial lineages can be ennobled by bhakti to Śiva, reinforcing the text’s non-sectarian ethos where devotion (to Hara) is honored within a broader dhārmic and tīrtha framework.

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