Shloka 17

Jabali Bound by the Monkey — Jabali Bound by the Monkey: Nandayanti’s Ordeal and the Yamuna–Hiranyavati Sacred Corridor

Devanagari script

गुह्यको वीक्ष्य तनयां पतितामापगाजले दुःखशोकसमाक्रान्तो जगामाञ्जनपर्वतम्

Transliteration

guhyako vīkṣya tanayāṃ patitāmāpagājale duḥkhaśokasamākrānto jagāmāñjanaparvatam

Translation

เมื่อคุหยกะเห็นธิดาตกลงในสายน้ำแห่งแม่น้ำ ก็ถูกความทุกข์และโศกครอบงำ แล้วมุ่งไปยังภูเขาอัญชนะ

Word by Word

• guhyakaḥ: the Guhyaka (yakṣa attendant)
• guhyakaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: guhyaka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular

• vīkṣya: having seen
• vīkṣya: Purvakala (पूर्वकाल/preceding action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vi-īkṣ (धातु)
• Form: Kridanta (कृदन्त), Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा-प्रत्यय/ल्यप्), indeclinable; from √īkṣ with prefix vi-

• tanayām: his daughter
• tanayām: Karma (कर्म/object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tanayā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Accusative (द्वितीया), Singular

• patitām: fallen
• patitām: Visheshana (विशेषण/modifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: patita (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Past passive participle (भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त/क्त), Feminine, Accusative, Singular; qualifying tanayām

• āpaga-jale: in the river-water
• āpaga-jale: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: āpaga (प्रातिपदिक) + jala (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) ‘river-water’; Neuter, Locative (सप्तमी), Singular

• duḥkha-śoka-samākrāntaḥ: overwhelmed by grief and sorrow
• duḥkha-śoka-samākrāntaḥ: Visheshana (विशेषण/modifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: duḥkha (प्रातिपदिक) + śoka (प्रातिपदिक) + sam-ā-kram (धातु)
• Form: Compound with PPP head samākrānta (क्त); ‘overcome by sorrow and grief’; Masculine, Nominative, Singular; qualifying guhyakaḥ

• jagāma: went
• jagāma: Kriya (क्रिया/predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: gam (धातु)
• Form: Tinganta, Perfect (लिट्), 3rd person, Singular; √gam

• añjana-parvatam: to Mount Añjana
• añjana-parvatam: Karma (कर्म/goal of motion)
• Type: Noun
• Root: añjana (प्रातिपदिक) + parvata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) proper-name compound; Masculine, Accusative (द्वितीया), Singular

Speakers

• Narratorial voice (Purāṇic narrator) describing events (speaker not explicit in the given excerpt).

Key Themes

• Grief as catalyst for ascetic practice
• Movement from riverine space to mountain-āśrama setting
• Tīrtha-associated narrative framing

Verse Rasa (Emotional Flavour)

{ "primaryRasa": "karuna", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

FAQs

Who are the Guḥyakas in Purāṇic literature, and why do they appear in tīrtha narratives?

Guḥyakas are semi-divine beings often linked with Kubera, guardianship, and liminal/hidden places (caves, mountains, forests). In tīrtha narratives they frequently function as local supernatural agents whose personal crises or boons become etiological explanations for a place’s sanctity.

What is the narrative significance of the shift from ‘river-water’ to ‘Mount Añjana’?

The river scene marks rupture and loss; the mountain marks withdrawal and tapas. Purāṇic geography commonly pairs rivers (flow, fate, transition) with mountains (stability, austerity, siddhi), using movement between them to signal a change from worldly event to ascetic resolution.

Is ‘āpagā’ a specific river here?

In this verse, āpagā is a generic term for ‘river’ and does not uniquely identify a named stream. Identification would require surrounding verses or a regional tīrtha context; the text here emphasizes the watery locus rather than a proper hydronym.