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Mantra 1

Aindra victory and wealth secured through Soma’s purifying flow and Indra-invocation

Rishi: Unspecified (Indra hymn context)
Devata: Indra (primary); Soma (instrumental/oblation)
Chandas: Unspecified
Devanagari Script

प्र सेनानीः शूरो अग्रे रथानां गव्यन्नेति हर्षते अस्य सेना भद्रान्कृण्वन्निन्द्रहवान्त्सखिभ्य आ सोमो वस्त्रा रभसानि दत्ते

Samhita Patha

pra senānīḥ śūro agre rathānāṃ gavyanneti harṣate asya senā bhadrānkṛṇvannindrahavāntsakhibhya ā somo vastrā rabhasāni datte

Transliteration

prá1 senānī́ḥ2 śū́ro1 ágre2 rathā́nām2 gavyán1 éti2 hárṣate2 asyá2 sénā1 bhadrā́n2 kṛṇván2 índrahavān2 sákhibhyaḥ2 ā́1 sómaḥ1 vástrā2 rabhásāni2 dátte2

Translation

ผู้นำกองทัพ ผู้กล้า ออกไปเบื้องหน้ารถศึกทั้งหลาย แสวงหาโค; กองทัพของเขาโห่ร้องยินดี. กระทำสิ่งมงคล เรียกหาอินทรา; โสมะมอบแก่สหายทั้งหลายของขวัญอันรวดเร็ว—แม้กระทั่งอาภรณ์.

Pada Patha (Word Analysis)

pra | senānīḥ | śūraḥ | agre | rathānām | gavyan | eti | harṣate | asya | senā | bhadrān | kṛṇvan | indra-havān | sakhibhyaḥ | ā | somaḥ | vastrā | rabhasāni | datte

Word by Word
प्रforth, forward
प्र:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्र (उपसर्ग) / प्र (अव्यय)
सेनानीःthe army-leader, commander
सेनानीः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootसेनानी (प्रातिपदिक)
शूरःthe hero, valiant one
शूरः:
Kartā (सेनानीः इत्यस्य विशेषणम्)
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootशूर (प्रातिपदिक)
अग्रेin front, at the fore
अग्रे:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeIndeclinable (adverbial use)
Rootअग्र (प्रातिपदिक)
रथानाम्of the chariots
रथानाम्:
Sambandha (अग्रे इत्यस्य)
TypeNoun
Rootरथ (प्रातिपदिक)
गव्यन्seeking cattle, desiring cows
गव्यन्:
Kartā (सेनानीः इत्यस्य विशेषणम्)
TypeParticiple/Adjective
Rootगव्य (प्रातिपदिक) + शतृ (वर्तमान कृदन्त)
एतिgoes, advances
एति:
—
TypeVerb
Rootइ (धातु)
हर्षतेrejoices, exults
हर्षते:
—
TypeVerb
Rootहृष् (धातु)
अस्यof him, his
अस्य:
Sambandha
TypePronoun
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
सेनाthe army
सेना:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootसेना (प्रातिपदिक)
भद्रान्auspicious (things), good (fortunes)
भद्रान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootभद्र (प्रातिपदिक)
कृण्वन्making, doing
कृण्वन्:
Kartā (इन्द्रः इत्यस्य विशेषणम्)
TypeParticiple
Rootकृ (धातु) + शतृ (वर्तमान कृदन्त)
इन्द्रःIndra
इन्द्रः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
हवान्invoked, possessing invocation (called upon)
हवान्:
Kartā (इन्द्रः इत्यस्य विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootहव (प्रातिपदिक) / √हू (धातु) से सम्बन्धित ‘हव’ (आह्वान) + मतुप्
सखिभ्यःto/for the friends
सखिभ्यः:
Sampradāna
TypeNoun
Rootसखि (प्रातिपदिक)
आtowards, unto
आ:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआ (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
सोमःSoma
सोमः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootसोम (प्रातिपदिक)
वस्त्राणिgarments, cloths
वस्त्राणि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवस्त्र (प्रातिपदिक)
रभसानिimpetuous/strong (i.e., vigorous, splendid)
रभसानि:
Karma (विशेषण-रूपेण)
TypeAdjective
Rootरभस (प्रातिपदिक)
दत्तेgives, bestows
दत्ते:
—
TypeVerb
Rootदा (धातु)
Sāman Melody Name

Aindra-sāman (generic)

Vocal Structure

{ "prastava": "o/hā… setting a forward-driving opening", "udgitha": "pra senānīḥ śūro agre rathānāṃ… (main procession line)", "pratihara": "ho… (short response after a hinge like ‘harṣate’)", "upadrava": "…bhadrānkṛṇvannindrahavāntsakhibhyaḥ… (auspicious + invocation segment)", "nidhana": "ā somo vastrā rabhasāni datte (closing: Soma’s gifting)", "structure_notes": "The natural climax is the dakṣiṇā/gift line; making it nidhana gives a satisfying ‘reward’ closure.", "singer_assignments": "Prastotṛ initiates; Udgātṛ carries the heroic udgītha; Pratihartṛ punctuates; all unite on the gift-cadence." }

Sāyaṇa Commentary

{ "gloss_summary": "Martial/leadership imagery is aligned with Indra’s victory-bestowing function; the host rejoices as auspiciousness is made through Indra-invocation; Soma gives ‘vastrā’ as swift gifts to friends—understood as dakṣiṇā/result of successful rite.", "ritual_interpretation": "Interprets ‘vastrā’ as cloth offered/received as sacrificial fee; victory/cattle-seeking as yajña-phala under Indra’s grace.", "theological_insight": "Indra’s favor, awakened by Soma and praise, manifests as prosperity and auspicious ordering; sacrificial success culminates in rightful distribution.", "etymology_highlights": "senānī—leader; gavyan—seeking cattle/wealth; bhadra—auspicious; vastra—cloth/dakṣiṇā." }

Ritual Application
Academic Analysis
Symbolic Meaning
Musical Layer
Rigveda Source
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Devata Aspects
Chandas Analysis
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Yogic Application
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