Shloka 44

युद्धाय रावणस्य निर्याणं तथा उत्पातदर्शनम्

Ravana’s Mobilization for War and the ظهور of Fatal Portents

Transliteration

daśānanaḥ krodha-vivṛtta-netro yato yato ’bhyeti rathe ’vasanna-khaye |

tataḥ tataḥ tasya śara-pravegaṁ soḍhuṁ na śekuḥ hari-yūthapās te ||6.96.44||

Translation

ไม่ว่า “ทศานนะ” จะเคลื่อนรถศึกไปแห่งใด—ดวงตาเบิกกว้างพลิกคว่ำด้วยโทสะ—ณ ที่นั้น ๆ เหล่าหัวหน้าวานรย่อมทนกระหน่ำศรของเขามิได้

Word by Word

• दशाननः: the ten-faced (Ravana)
• दशाननः: कर्ता (Kartā)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दश-आनन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: बहुव्रीहि समास (दश आननानि यस्य); पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• क्रोधविवृत्ततनूतरः: more contorted in body due to anger
• क्रोधविवृत्ततनूतरः: विशेषण (Viśeṣaṇa)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्रोध-विवृत्त-तनू-तर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: बहुपद-तत्पुरुष: क्रोधेन विवृत्ता तनूः यस्य; 'तर' प्रत्यय (comparative); पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण (daśānanaḥ)

• यतः: from where/wherever
• यतः: सम्बन्ध (Correlative)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यतः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; सम्बन्धबोधक (relative adverb: from/where)

• यतः: wherever
• यतः: सम्बन्ध (Correlative)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यतः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; पुनरुक्ति (repetition for emphasis)

• भयेत्: might frighten/terrify
• भयेत्: क्रिया (Kriyā)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √भी (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• रथः: a chariot
• रथः: उपमान (Upamāna/Standard of comparison)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• इव: like
• इव: सम्बन्ध (Comparison marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; उपमा-वाचक (comparative particle)

• सङ्खये: in battle
• सङ्खये: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सङ्ख्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; अधिकरण

• ततः: then
• ततः: कालाधिकरण (Kāla-adhikaraṇa)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अनुक्रम (then)

• सः: he
• सः: कर्ता (Kartā)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• तस्य: of him/of that
• तस्य: सम्बन्ध (Sambandha)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; पुल्लिङ्ग/नपुंसक, षष्ठी, एकवचन

• शरप्रवेगम्: the rush/force of arrows
• शरप्रवेगम्: कर्म (Karma)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शर-प्रवेग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष समास (शराणां प्रवेगः); पुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• सोढुम्: to endure
• सोढुम्: प्रयोजन (Purpose of inability)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √सह् (धातु)
• Form: तुमुन्-प्रत्यय (infinitive), कर्तरि प्रयोग; धातु √सह् (to endure)

• न: not
• न: सम्बन्ध (Negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निषेध (negation)

• शेकुः: were able
• शेकुः: क्रिया (Kriyā)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √शक् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; परस्मैपद

• हरियूथपाः: leaders of the monkey-troops
• हरियूथपाः: कर्ता (Kartā)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हरि-यूथप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष समास (हरीणां यूथपाः); पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• सते: being (present)
• सते: विशेषण (Viśeṣaṇa)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; (पाठभेद/अस्पष्ट-रूप) सम्भवतः 'सन्तः' (present/being)

Context

In the battlefield wherever Ravana drove in fury, rolling his eyes filled with anger, the monkey troops could not withstand the speed of his arrows.।। itayāraṣēvālamīkīyēśarīmadarāmāyaṇēādikāvayēyudadhakāṇaḍēṣaṇaṇanavatitamasasaragaḥ ।।This is the end of the ninety sixth sarga of Yuddha Kanda of the first epic the holy Ramayana composed by sage Valmiki.

Characters & Entities

• Daśānana (Rāvaṇa)
• ratha (chariot)
• śara (arrows)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Unrestrained anger becomes a destructive power that overwhelms others; dharma teaches mastery over krodha so that strength serves justice rather than becoming tyranny.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāvaṇa ranges across the battlefield in his chariot; the vānaras’ leaders struggle to withstand the intensity of his arrow-barrage.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Steadfastness under pressure is emphasized for the vānaras, while the verse simultaneously underscores the vice of rage in Rāvaṇa.