Shloka 40

युद्धकाण्डे पञ्चनवतितमः सर्गः

Sarga 95: Lamentation in Laṅkā and the Causal Chain of Enmity

Devanagari script

प्राप्तकालंकृतंतेनपौलस्त्येनमहात्मना ।।।।यतएवंभयंदृष्टंतमेवशरणंगतः ।

Transliteration

prāptakālaṃ kṛtaṃ tena paulastyena mahātmanā | yat evaṃ bhayaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ tam eva śaraṇaṃ gataḥ ||

Translation

มหาบุรุษผู้สืบสายเปาลัสตยะ ครั้นเห็นความหวาดกลัวในสภาพนั้นและรู้ว่าเวลาสมควรแล้ว จึงไปพึ่งพาเขาผู้นั้นแต่ผู้เดียวเป็นที่ลี้ภัย

Word by Word

• प्राप्तकालम्: the opportune time
• प्राप्तकालम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्राप्त-काल (प्रातिपदिक; √आप्/आप्-धातु + काल-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (कर्म), एकवचन; समासः—कर्मधारयः (प्राप्तः कालः = opportune time)

• कृतम्: done/made
• कृतम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √कृ (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त—क्त-प्रत्ययान्त भूतकर्मणि/भूतकाले कृदन्त (past passive participle); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; (प्राप्तकालम् इति कर्मणः विशेषणम्)

• तेन: by him/with him
• तेन: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (करण/सह), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• पौलस्त्येन: by Paulastya (Ravana)
• पौलस्त्येन: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पौलस्त्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेष्य—रावणः (पौलस्त्यः)

• महात्मना: by the great-souled one
• महात्मना: Karana (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महात्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; समासः—कर्मधारयः (महान् आत्मा यस्य/महान् आत्मा = great-souled); पौलस्त्यस्य विशेषणम्

• यतः: since/because
• यतः: Hetu (हेतु)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यत् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय; हेत्वर्थे (because/since)

• एवम्: thus/in that way
• एवम्: Prakara (प्रकार)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एवम् (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; प्रकारवाचक (in this manner)

• भयम्: fear
• भयम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• दृष्टम्: seen/perceived
• दृष्टम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √दृश् (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त—क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; भयम् इति कर्मणः विशेषणम् (fear seen/perceived)

• तम्: him
• तम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• एव: indeed/only
• एव: Avadharana (अवधारण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अवधारणार्थक (only/indeed)

• शरणम्: refuge
• शरणम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शरण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; गत्यर्थक-क्रियायाः कर्म

• गतः: went/sought
• गतः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √गम् (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त—क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past active participle); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; कर्तरि प्रयोगः

Context

"Great Vibheeshana of the Paulastya race, perceiving opportune time, has sought refuge out of fear."

Characters & Entities

• Vibhīṣaṇa (implied by Paulastya and refuge-seeking)
• Rāma (implied as the refuge)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Śaraṇāgati (seeking refuge in righteousness) is portrayed as a dharmic act when one recognizes adharma’s danger. Choosing the side of Satya at the right time is itself a moral responsibility.

What is the narrative situation?

The women interpret Vibhīṣaṇa’s defection: he perceived the danger and the turning of time, and therefore sought refuge with Rāma.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Vibhīṣaṇa’s discernment (viveka) and courage to choose dharma over clan-loyalty when the truth becomes clear.