Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 83, Shloka 11

त्र्यशीतितमः सर्गः (Sarga 83)

Hanumān Reports Sītā’s ‘Slaying’; Rāma Collapses; Lakṣmaṇa’s Counter-Discourse on Dharma and Artha

Devanagari script

तंभूमौदेवसङ्काशंपतितंदृश्यराघवम् ।अभिपेतुस्समुत्पत्यसर्वतःकपिसत्तमाः ।।6.83.11।।

Transliteration

taṃ bhūmau deva-saṅkāśaṃ patitaṃ dṛṣṭvā rāghavam | abhipetus samutpatya sarvataḥ kapisattamāḥ ||

Translation

ครั้นเห็นราฆวะผู้ดุจเทพล้มอยู่บนพื้นดิน เหล่าวานรผู้ประเสริฐก็ผุดลุกกระโจนเข้ามาจากทุกทิศ

Word by Word

• तम्: him
• तम्: कर्म (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2/कर्म), एकवचन

• भूमौ: on the ground
• भूमौ: अधिकरण (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भूमि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7/अधिकरण), एकवचन

• देवसङ्काशम्: godlike
• देवसङ्काशम्: विशेषण (Adjectival)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक) + सङ्काश (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2), एकवचन; उपमान-तत्पुरुष: देवस्य सङ्काशः (like a god)

• पतितम्: fallen
• पतितम्: विशेषण (Adjectival)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पत् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त, पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2), एकवचन; qualifies tam (Rāghavam)

• दृष्ट्वा: having seen
• दृष्ट्वा: पूर्वकाल (Prior action)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: दृश् (धातु) + त्वा (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त्वान्त-अव्यय (gerund): ‘having seen’

• राघवम्: Raghava (Rama)
• राघवम्: कर्म (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राघव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2/कर्म), एकवचन; apposition to तम्

• अभिपेतुः: rushed towards
• अभिपेतुः: क्रिया (Verb/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अभि+पत् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन

• समुत्पत्य: leaping up
• समुत्पत्य: पूर्वकाल (Prior action)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सम्+उत्+पत् (धातु) + ल्यप् (कृदन्त)
• Form: ल्यप्-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (gerund): ‘having leapt up’

• सर्वतः: from all sides
• सर्वतः: देश (Directional adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सर्वतः (अव्यय)
• Form: दिगर्थक-अव्यय (from all sides)

• कपिसत्तमाः: the best monkeys
• कपिसत्तमाः: कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कपि (प्रातिपदिक) + सत्तम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1/कर्ता), बहुवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: कपीनां सत्तमाः (best of monkeys)

Context

Seeing Raghava who is equal to god fallen on the ground, and the best of monkeys lifting him, the Vanaras from all over came jumping.

Characters & Entities

• Rāghava (Rāma)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Sevā as dharma: allies do not abandon their leader in weakness; they respond immediately with protection and care.

What is the narrative situation?

After Rāma collapses, the foremost Vānara heroes converge to help him.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Devotion and readiness to serve—collective responsibility toward the righteous leader.