Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 75, Shloka 11

लङ्कादाह-प्रचोदनं तथा वानर-राक्षस-समरारम्भः

The Burning of Lanka and the Outbreak of Battle

Devanagari script

नुत्राणि च योधानांहस्त्यश्वानां व चर्म च ।।।।खडगाधनूंषिज्वाबाणास्तोमराङ्कुशशक्तयः ।

Transliteration

tanutrāṇi ca yodhānāṃ hasty-aśvānāṃ ca carma ca | khaḍgā dhanūṃṣi jyā-bāṇās tomarāṅkuśaśaktayaḥ ||

Translation

ยังมีเกราะของนักรบ และเครื่องคุ้มกันทำด้วยหนังสำหรับช้างและม้า; ดาบ คันธนูและสายธนู ลูกศร ตลอดจนหอก ตะขอช้าง (อังกุศ) และหลาวพุ่ง

Word by Word

• tanutrāṇi: armours
• tanutrāṇi: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tanutrāṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; Neuter, Nominative, Plural

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय

• yodhānām: of warriors
• yodhānām: Sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yodha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• hasti-aśvānām: of elephants and horses
• hasti-aśvānām: Sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: hasti (प्रातिपदिक) + aśva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; Masculine, Genitive, Plural; द्वन्द्व-समास

• va: and/or
• va: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: va (अव्यय)
• Form: विकल्पार्थक-अव्यय; particle "or/and" (here coordinative)

• carma: leather (shield/skin)
• carma: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: carma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय

• khaḍgāḥ: swords
• khaḍgāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: khaḍga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• dhanūṃṣi: bows
• dhanūṃṣi: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dhanus (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; Neuter, Nominative, Plural

• jyāḥ: bowstrings
• jyāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jyā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; Feminine, Nominative, Plural

• bāṇāḥ: arrows
• bāṇāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bāṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• tomara-aṅkuśa-śaktayaḥ: lances, goads, and javelins
• tomara-aṅkuśa-śaktayaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tomara (प्रातिपदिक) + aṅkuśa (प्रातिपदिक) + śakti (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; Feminine, Nominative, Plural; द्वन्द्व-समास (three-member)

Context

Leather armour of the warriors, shields of horses, excellent bow strings, swords, arrows, goads, lances, and javelins.

Characters & Entities

• Warriors
• Elephants
• Horses
• Swords
• Bows
• Arrows

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

It frames war as structured and equipped—implying that force must be organized and bounded, not lawless; dharma restrains violence within rules.

What is the narrative situation?

A catalog of protective gear and weapons present in the war environment.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Preparedness and martial discipline.