Shloka 140

कुम्भकर्णवधः

The Slaying of Kumbhakarna

Devanagari script

सर्वान् समभिधावन्तंयथारुष्टंदिशागजम् ।मार्गमाणंहरीन्कक्रुद्धंराक्षसैःपरिवारितम् ।।।।

Transliteration

sarvān samabhidhāvantaṃ yathāruṣṭaṃ diśāgajam |

mārgamāṇaṃ harīn kruddhaṃ rākṣasaiḥ parivāritam ||

Translation

ถูกเหล่ารากษสล้อมไว้ เขาพุ่งพล่านด้วยโทสะ เที่ยวเสาะหาวานรทั้งหลาย—ดุจช้างทิศผู้พิทักษ์ทิศทั้งปวงที่กำเริบ คลุ้มคลั่งพุ่งชนทุกสิ่งเบื้องหน้า

Word by Word

• सर्वान्: all (of them)
• सर्वान्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; सर्वनाम-विशेषणवत् (pronominal adjective)

• समभिधावन्तम्: rushing towards; pursuing
• समभिधावन्तम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्+अभि+धाव् (धातु)
• Form: वर्तमान-कृदन्त (शतृ/Present active participle), परस्मैपद-भाव, पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• यथा: like; as
• यथा: सम्बन्ध (Sambandha/Comparison marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा (अव्यय)
• Form: उपमा/तुलना-अव्यय (comparative indeclinable)

• रुष्टम्: angered
• रुष्टम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: रुष्ट (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; रुष् धातु)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त/Past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• दिशागजम्: a quarter-elephant (guardian elephant)
• दिशागजम्: उपमान (Upamāna/Standard of comparison)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिशा+गज (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; समासः दिशां गजः (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष)

• मार्गमाणम्: searching for
• मार्गमाणम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Verb
• Root: मृग्/मार्ग् (धातु)
• Form: वर्तमान-कृदन्त (शानच्/Present middle participle), आत्मनेपद-भाव, पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• हरीन्: the Vanaras
• हरीन्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हरि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन

• क्रुद्धम्: furious
• क्रुद्धम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्रुद्ध (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; क्रुध् धातु)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• राक्षसैः: by Rakshasas
• राक्षसैः: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument; agent in passive sense)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राक्षस (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन

• परिवारितम्: surrounded
• परिवारितम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परि+वृ (धातु)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

Context

Surrounded by Rakshasas, he was searching for Vanaras, like an elephant, guarding a quarter, searches.

Characters & Entities

• Kumbhakarṇa
• Rākṣasas
• Vānaras
• Diśāgaja (guardian elephant of a direction)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

It warns that uncontrolled krodha (anger) becomes destructive: power without restraint turns into indiscriminate harm, opposed to dharma.

What is the narrative situation?

Kumbhakarṇa, backed by rākṣasas, rampages across the field, hunting down vānaras in rage.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

By contrast, the verse highlights the need for self-control as a virtue; Kumbhakarṇa’s lack of restraint is foregrounded.