Shloka 1

कुम्भकर्णप्रस्थानम् तथा अङ्गदप्रेरणा

Kumbhakarna’s sortie and Angada’s rallying of the Vanaras

Devanagari script

स लङ्घयित्वाप्राकारंगिरिकूटोपमोमहान् ।निर्ययौनगरात्तूर्णंकुम्भकर्णोमहाबलः ।।।।

Transliteration

sa laṅghayitvā prākāraṃ girikūṭopamo mahān | niryayau nagarāt tūrṇaṃ kumbhakarṇo mahābalaḥ ||

Translation

กุมภกรรณผู้มีกำลังมหาศาล—ใหญ่ดุจยอดเขา—กระโจนข้ามกำแพงป้อม แล้วรีบออกจากนครโดยฉับไว

Word by Word

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्

• laṅghayitvā: having crossed
• laṅghayitvā: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √laṅgh (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययभावकृदन्तः (gerund)

• prākāram: rampart
• prākāram: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: prākāra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, द्वितीया, एकवचनम्

• giri-kūṭa-upamaḥ: like a mountain peak
• giri-kūṭa-upamaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण; of kumbhakarṇaḥ)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: giri (प्रातिपदिक) + kūṭa (प्रातिपदिक) + upama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्; बहुपद-तत्पुरुषः (mountain-peak-like)

• mahān: great / huge
• mahān: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्; विशेषणम्

• niryayau: went out
• niryayau: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: nir-√yā (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुषः, एकवचनम्

• nagarāt: from the city
• nagarāt: Apādāna (अपादान; source)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nagara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गः, पञ्चमी (ablative), एकवचनम्

• tūrṇam: swiftly
• tūrṇam: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tūrṇam (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: रीतिवाचक-अव्ययम् (adverb: quickly)

• kumbhakarṇaḥ: Kumbhakarna
• kumbhakarṇaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kumbhakarṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्

• mahā-balaḥ: mighty
• mahā-balaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahā (प्रातिपदिक) + bala (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्; बहुव्रीहिः (महद् बलं यस्य)

Context

Mighty Kumbhakarna, a gigantic one, resembling a mountain peak, having swiftly crossed over the boundary of the city roared.

Characters & Entities

• Kumbhakarṇa
• Laṅkā (implied by city/rampart)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Readiness to act: once a duty is accepted, it is carried out promptly—an aspect of kṣātra-dharma (the warrior’s code).

What is the narrative situation?

Kumbhakarṇa physically enters the war zone by crossing Laṅkā’s fortifications and leaving the city to meet the opposing army.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Fearless momentum and martial decisiveness.