Shloka 30

कुम्भकर्णप्रस्थानम्

Kumbhakarna’s Departure for Battle

Devanagari script

स काञ्चनंभारसहंनिवातंविद्युत्प्रभंदीप्तमिवात्मभासा ।आबध्यमानःकवचंरराजसन्ध्याभ्रसम्वीतराजः ।।।।

Transliteration

sa kāñcanaṃ bhārasahaṃ nivātaṃ vidyutprabhaṃ dīptam iva ātmabhāsā | ābadhyamānaḥ kavacaṃ rarāja sandhyābhrasaṃvīta iva adrirājaḥ ||

Translation

ครั้นเมื่อเขาถูกสวมเกราะทองอันหนัก—มั่นคงต้านลม สว่างดุจสายฟ้า และเรืองรองด้วยรัศมีของตนเอง—เขาก็เปล่งประกายดุจราชาแห่งขุนเขาที่ถูกห่มด้วยเมฆยามสนธยา

Word by Word

• सः: he
• सः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; सर्वनाम (pronoun)

• काञ्चनम्: golden
• काञ्चनम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: काञ्चन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifier)

• भारसहम्: weight-bearing, heavy-duty
• भारसहम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भार-सह (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (भारस्य सहः = bearing weight)

• निवातम्: windless, sheltered
• निवातम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: निवात (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण

• विद्युत्प्रभम्: having lightning-like radiance
• विद्युत्प्रभम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विद्युत्-प्रभ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (विद्युतः प्रभा यस्य)

• दीप्तम्: blazing, shining
• दीप्तम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दीप् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त-प्रत्यय)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle/क्त), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण

• इव: like, as if
• इव: सम्बन्ध (Sambandha/Comparative marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव (अव्यय)
• Form: उपमा-अव्यय (particle of comparison)

• आत्मभासा: by his own radiance
• आत्मभासा: करण (Karana/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आत्मन्-भासा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (आत्मनः भासा = by his own radiance)

• आबध्यमानः: being fastened/bound
• आबध्यमानः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आ-√बन्ध् (धातु) + यमान (कृदन्त-प्रत्यय)
• Form: वर्तमानकाले कर्मणि कृदन्त (present passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्तृविशेषण (qualifying the subject)

• कवचम्: armor
• कवचम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कवच (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• रराज: shone
• रराज: क्रिया (Kriya/Predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √राज् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• सन्ध्याभ्रसम्वीतराजः: whose splendor was like twilight clouds
• सन्ध्याभ्रसम्वीतराजः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सन्ध्या-भ्र-सम्वीत-राज (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; बहुव्रीहिः (सन्ध्याभ्रैः सम्वीतः राजः यस्य = whose splendor is covered/tinged with twilight-clouds)

Context

Kumbhakarna decked in heavy golden shield (impenetrable by any weapon) and difficult to break, seemed like the lightning with self effulgence, glowing like fire, shone like the evening twilight around the mountain peak.

Characters & Entities

• Kumbhakarṇa
• Kavaca (armour)
• Vidyut (lightning)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma here is the solemn readiness for one’s appointed duty: armour signifies responsible preparation rather than impulsive violence.

What is the narrative situation?

The epic describes Kumbhakarṇa being fitted with formidable armour just before he goes out to fight.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Preparedness and steadiness—strength made effective through proper equipment and composure.