Shloka 10

कुम्भकर्णप्रस्थानम्

Kumbhakarna’s Departure for Battle

Devanagari script

महोदरोऽयंरामात्तुपरित्रस्तो न संशयः ।न हिरोचयतेतात युद्धंयुद्धविशारद ।।।।

Transliteration

mahodaro 'yaṃ rāmāt tu paritrasto na saṃśayaḥ | na hi rocayate tāta yuddhaṃ yuddhaviśārada ||

Translation

มโหทรผู้นี้หวาดกลัวพระรามเป็นแน่ ไม่ต้องสงสัยเลย; เจ้าผู้เป็นที่รัก แม้เขาจะชำนาญศึก แต่ในใจแท้จริงก็ไม่พอใจสงคราม

Word by Word

• महोदरः: Mahodara
• महोदरः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महोदर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; Proper noun

• अयम्: this (one)
• अयम्: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; demonstrative pronoun

• रामात्: from Rama
• रामात्: अपादान (Apādāna/Source)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/Ablative), एकवचन

• तु: indeed/but
• तु: सम्बन्ध/वाक्य-सम्बन्ध (Discourse particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; particle (emphasis/contrast)

• परित्रस्तः: terrified
• परित्रस्तः: कर्तृसम्बन्धी विशेषण (Predicate adjective of subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परि-त्रस् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; used predicatively

• न: not
• न: सम्बन्ध/वाक्य-सम्बन्ध
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्यय (negation particle)

• संशयः: doubt
• संशयः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: संशय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• न: not
• न: सम्बन्ध/वाक्य-सम्बन्ध
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्यय

• हि: indeed/for
• हि: सम्बन्ध/वाक्य-सम्बन्ध
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle; emphasis/indeed)

• रोचयते: desires/approves
• रोचयते: क्रिया (Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: रुच् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• तात: dear (sir)
• तात: सम्बोधन (Sambodhana/Vocative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तात (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (Vocative), एकवचन; address term

• युद्धम्: battle/war
• युद्धम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

• युद्धविशारद: O expert in battle
• युद्धविशारद: सम्बोधन (Sambodhana/Vocative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युद्ध + विशारद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (युद्धे विशारदः); पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचन

Context

"O dear! You are an expert in war! This Mahodara is terrified at Rama. He is not desiring war. There is no doubt."

Characters & Entities

• Mahodara
• Rama

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

It critiques fear-driven counsel: dharma in leadership requires clarity and steadiness, not advice distorted by panic.

What is the narrative situation?

Kumbhakarna exposes Mahodara’s reluctance to fight as stemming from fear of Rama while speaking to Ravana.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Candor and discernment: identifying the true motive behind an adviser’s words.