Shloka 18

कुम्भकर्णस्य प्रबोधनम्

The Awakening and Commissioning of Kumbhakarna

Devanagari script

तदेतद्भयमुत्पन्नंत्रायस्वेमांमहबल ।नाशयत्वमिमानद्यतदर्थंबोधितोभवान् ।।6.62.18।।

Transliteration

tad etad bhayam utpannaṁ trāyasvemāṁ mahābala |

nāśaya tvam imān adya tadarthaṁ bodhito bhavān ||6.62.18||

Translation

ฉะนั้นความหวาดกลัวนี้จึงบังเกิดขึ้นแล้ว โอ้ผู้มีกำลังยิ่งใหญ่ โปรดคุ้มครองข้าพเจ้า จงทำลายพวกเขาเสียในวันนี้—นี่แหละคือเหตุที่ปลุกท่านขึ้นมา

Word by Word

• तत्: that
• तत्: विशेषण (Determiner)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Nom/Acc), एकवचन (Singular)

• एतत्: this
• एतत्: विशेषण (Determiner)
• Type: Noun
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Nom/Acc), एकवचन (Singular)

• भयम्: fear
• भयम्: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Nom/Acc), एकवचन (Singular)

• उत्पन्नम्: arisen
• उत्पन्नम्: विशेषण (Adjective)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उत् + √पद्/√पद् (धातु) → उत्पन्न (क्त-प्रत्यय, कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; भयम् इति विशेषणम्

• त्रायस्व: protect
• त्रायस्व: क्रिया (Action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: त्रा (धातु)
• Form: लोट्-लकार (Imperative), मध्यमपुरुष (2nd person), एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• इमाम्: this (woman/this one)
• इमाम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन

• महाबल: O mighty-armed/strong one
• महाबल: सम्बोधन (Address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महा (अव्यय/उपसर्गवत्) + बल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समास ('महान् बलः यस्य'); पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-विभक्ति (Vocative), एकवचन

• नाशय: destroy
• नाशय: क्रिया (Action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: नश् (धातु) (णिच् causative)
• Form: लोट्-लकार (Imperative), मध्यमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद; णिच्-प्रयोग (causative)

• त्वम्: you
• त्वम्: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन

• इमान्: these
• इमान्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), बहुवचन

• अद्य: today/now
• अद्य: कालाधिकरण (Time adjunct)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अद्य (अव्यय)
• Form: काल-अव्यय (temporal adverb: today/now)

• तदर्थम्: for that purpose
• तदर्थम्: प्रयोजन (Purpose)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम) + अर्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास; अव्ययीभाववत् क्रियाविशेषण-प्रयोगः (adverbial: 'for that purpose')

• बोधितः: informed/awakened
• बोधितः: विशेषण (Adjective)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √बुध् (धातु) → बोधित (क्त-प्रत्यय, कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (PPP), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; भवान् इति विशेषणम्

• भवान्: you (sir)
• भवान्: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भवत् (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनामवत्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन (honorific 2nd person)

Context

"Mighty strong I am, but such is the fear that has been created in me from them. You have been awakened, to destroy them. Reported Ravana."

Characters & Entities

• Rāvaṇa
• Kumbhakarṇa
• vānaras (implied as ‘these’ enemies)
• Rāma (implied as the cause of fear)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

A negative lesson in Dharma: fear and self-preservation can push a ruler to treat others as instruments; righteous leadership instead protects subjects through justice, not desperate violence.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāvaṇa confesses fear and urgently commands Kumbhakarṇa to destroy the enemy forces, stating that this is why he was awakened.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Not virtue but dependency: Rāvaṇa’s reliance on Kumbhakarṇa’s strength shows weakening resolve and strategic desperation.