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Shloka 4

सेनानिवेशः रामविलापश्च

Encampment on the Northern Shore; Rama’s Lament and Sandhyā

शोकश्चकिलकालेनगच्छताह्यपगच्छति ।ममचापश्यतःकान्तामहन्यहनिवर्धते ।।।।

śokaś ca kila kālena gacchatā hy apagacchati | mama cāpaśyataḥ kāntām ahany ahani vardhate ||

เขาว่าความโศกย่อมจางไปเมื่อกาลเวลาล่วงเลย แต่สำหรับข้า—ผู้มิได้เห็นนางผู้เป็นที่รัก—ความทุกข์นั้นกลับเพิ่มพูนขึ้นทุกวัน

śokaḥgrief
śokaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootśoka (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चय
kilaindeed/it is said
kila:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkila (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निपात (particle indicating report/indeed)
kālenawith time/by time
kālena:
Karana (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootkāla (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन
gacchatāgoing/passing
gacchatā:
Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier of kālena)
TypeAdjective
Rootgam (गम् धातु) + śatṛ (शतृ)
Formशतृ-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमानकृदन्त (present active participle); पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; ‘as (time) goes’
hiindeed/for
hi:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निपात (emphasis/causal particle)
apagacchatigoes away/abates
apagacchati:
Kriya (क्रिया/Predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootapa-gam (गम् धातु)
Formलट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद
mamaof me/my
mama:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी, एकवचन; सर्वनाम (genitive ‘of me’)
cabut/and
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चय
apaśyataḥof (me) not seeing
apaśyataḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive absolute-like)
TypeAdjective
Roota-paśyat (दृश् धातु; नञ्-पूर्वक)
Formशतृ-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमानकृदन्त (present active participle) with negation a-; पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन; ‘of (me) not seeing’
kāntāmbeloved (woman)
kāntām:
Karma (कर्म/Object of seeing)
TypeNoun
Rootkāntā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
ahaniday
ahani:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Time)
TypeNoun
Rootahan (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; ‘on a day’
ahaniday (by day)
ahani:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Time)
TypeNoun
Rootahan (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; पुनरुक्ति (reduplication) = ‘day by day’
vardhateincreases
vardhate:
Kriya (क्रिया/Predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootvṛdh (वृध् धातु)
Formलट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद

As time passes, grief passes away. However my sorrow is progressing day by day being unable to see my beloved.

R
Rāma
S
Sītā (implied as kāntā)

FAQs

Dharma is shown as truthful acknowledgment of inner suffering without abandoning duty; Rāma’s honesty about grief coexists with perseverance toward the righteous goal of rescuing Sītā.

At the brink of the decisive campaign, Rāma reflects on separation from Sītā; instead of easing with time, his sorrow intensifies.

Satya (truthfulness) and emotional integrity—he does not mask his pain, yet remains committed to righteous action.