Shloka 22

सेनानिवेशः रामविलापश्च

Encampment on the Northern Shore; Rama’s Lament and Sandhyā

Devanagari script

एवंविलपतस्तस्यतत्ररामस्यधीमतः ।दिनक्षयान्मन्दवपुर्भास्करोऽस्तमुपागतः ।।।।

Transliteration

evaṃ vilapatas tasya tatra rāmasya dhīmataḥ |

dinakṣayān mandavapur bhāskaro 'stam upāgataḥ ||

Translation

ครั้นพระรามผู้ทรงปัญญาคร่ำครวญอยู่ ณ ที่นั้นดังนี้ กาลวันก็สิ้นลง และพระอาทิตย์—แสงเรืองรองอ่อนลง—ลับสู่ทิศประจิม

Word by Word

• एवम्: thus
• एवम्: क्रियाविशेषण (adverbial modifier)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एवम् (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रकारवाचक-अव्यय (adverb: 'thus/in this manner')

• विलपतः: (of him) wailing
• विलपतः: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation to तस्य/रामस्य)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि + √लप् (धातु)
• Form: वर्तमान-कृदन्त (शतृ/Present Active Participle), षष्ठी-एकवचन (Genitive Singular) रूपेण प्रयुक्तम्; पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine); 'of (him) wailing'

• तस्य: of him
• तस्य: सम्बन्ध (Sambandha/genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Masculine, Genitive, Singular)

• तत्र: there
• तत्र: देशाधिकरण (Deśa-adhikaraṇa/location)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तत्र (अव्यय)
• Form: देशवाचक-अव्यय (locative adverb: 'there')

• रामस्य: of Rama
• रामस्य: सम्बन्ध (Sambandha/genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Masculine, Genitive, Singular)

• धीमतः: wise, sagacious
• धीमतः: सम्बन्ध (Sambandha; qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: धीमत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Masculine, Genitive, Singular); विशेषण (qualifier of रामस्य)

• दिन-क्षयात्: from the end of the day
• दिन-क्षयात्: अपादान (Apādāna/cause-source: 'due to/from')
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिन (प्रातिपदिक) + क्षय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Masculine, Ablative, Singular); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः: 'दिनस्य क्षयः' तस्मात् (from the day's end)

• मन्द-वपुः: having dim radiance
• मन्द-वपुः: कर्ता (Kartā; qualifier of subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मन्द (प्रातिपदिक) + वपुस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Masculine, Nominative, Singular); कर्मधारयः: 'मन्दं वपुः यस्य' (dim-bodied); विशेषण (qualifier of भास्करः)

• भास्करः: the sun
• भास्करः: कर्ता (Kartā/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भास्कर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Masculine, Nominative, Singular)

• अस्तम्: to the west / to setting
• अस्तम्: कर्म/गति-लक्ष्य (Karma; goal of motion)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Masculine, Accusative, Singular); क्रियाविशेषणवत् (accusative of goal: 'to setting')

• उपागतः: approached, went down
• उपागतः: कर्ता (Kartā; predicate of भास्करः)
• Type: Verb
• Root: उप + √गम् (धातु)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त/PPP), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Masculine, Nominative, Singular); कर्तरि प्रयोगे 'has reached/approached'

Context

While sagacious Rama was wailing in that way the day came to an end with the sun descending to the west.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Sun (Bhāskara)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is steadiness across time: even profound sorrow must eventually yield to disciplined conduct as time moves forward.

What is the narrative situation?

The lament continues until evening; the verse marks the close of day and prepares for ritual and rest.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Endurance—Rāma bears grief without abandoning his responsibilities.