Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 41, Shloka 61

युद्धलक्षण-निमित्तदर्शनं तथा लङ्काद्वारव्यूहः

War Omens and the Encirclement of Lanka’s Gates

Devanagari script

गत्वासौम्य दशग्रीवंब्रूहिमद्वचनात्कपे ।लङ्घयित्वापुरींलङ्कांभयंत्यक्त्वागतव्यधः ।।6.41.61।।भ्रष्टश्रीक गतैश्वर्य मुमूर्षो नष्टचेतनः ।

Transliteration

gatvā saumya daśagrīvaṃ brūhi mad-vacanāt kape |

laṅghayitvā purīṃ laṅkāṃ bhayaṃ tyaktvā gata-vyathaḥ ||6.41.61||

bhraṣṭaśrīḥ ka gata-aiśvaryaḥ mumūrṣo naṣṭa-cetanaḥ |

Translation

ดูก่อนวานรผู้สุภาพ จงไปและกล่าวแก่ทศกรีวะตามถ้อยคำของเราเถิด เมื่อข้ามกำแพงนครลงกาแล้ว จงสลัดความหวาดกลัวและความทุกข์ออก แล้วกล่าวแก่ผู้นั้น—ผู้สิ้นรัศมี สูญสิ้นอำนาจ จิตใจวิปลาส และกำลังเร่งรุดสู่ความตาย

Word by Word

• गत्वा: having gone
• गत्वा: पूर्वकाल (क्रियाविशेषण/पूर्वकर्म)
• Type: Verb
• Root: गम् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (Absolutive/Gerund), अव्ययभाव; ‘having gone’

• सौम्य: O gentle one
• सौम्य: सम्बोधन (सम्बोधन/Vocative address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सौम्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (Vocative), एकवचन (Singular)

• दशग्रीवम्: Daśagrīva (ten-necked, Rāvaṇa)
• दशग्रीवम्: कर्म (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दशग्रीव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)

• ब्रूहि: tell/say
• ब्रूहि: क्रिया (आज्ञार्थक/Main imperative)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ब्रू (धातु)
• Form: लोट्-लकार (Imperative), परस्मैपद; मध्यम-पुरुष (2nd person), एकवचन (Singular)

• मद्वचनात्: from my message / on my behalf
• मद्वचनात्: अपादान (हेतु/Source: ‘from/by my words’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मद् + वचन (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक + प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति (Ablative/5th), एकवचन (Singular)

• कपे: O monkey
• कपे: सम्बोधन (सम्बोधन/Vocative address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कपि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (Vocative), एकवचन (Singular)

• लङ्घयित्वा: having crossed
• लङ्घयित्वा: पूर्वकाल (क्रियाविशेषण/पूर्वकर्म)
• Type: Verb
• Root: लङ्घ् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (Absolutive/Gerund), अव्ययभाव; ‘having crossed/leapt over’

• पुरीम्: the city
• पुरीम्: कर्म (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुरी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)

• लङ्काम्: Laṅkā
• लङ्काम्: कर्म (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लङ्का (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular); पुरीम् इत्यस्य विशेषण-रूपेण (apposition)

• भयम्: fear
• भयम्: कर्म (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)

• त्यक्त्वा: having given up
• त्यक्त्वा: पूर्वकाल (क्रियाविशेषण/पूर्वकर्म)
• Type: Verb
• Root: त्यज् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (Absolutive/Gerund), अव्ययभाव; ‘having abandoned’

• गतव्यधः: one whose distress is past / unharmed
• गतव्यधः: कर्ता (कर्ता/Subject—addressed person)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: गत + व्यध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular); कपे इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

Context

"O noble Hanuman crossing over Lanka without fear, giving up the difficulties experienced earlier we reached. Admonish the ten-headed king who has lost senses, his past fortune and sovereignty."

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Hanumān
• Daśagrīva (Rāvaṇa)
• Laṅkā

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma prefers truthful admonition and a final chance for correction before destruction; even an enemy is warned when justice is about to fall.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāma commissions Hanumān as messenger to enter Laṅkā and deliver a stern warning to Rāvaṇa.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Satya (truthful speech) and dayā mixed with firmness—compassion that still upholds justice.