Shloka 88

Devanagari script

तस्य सानुषु कूजन्ति नानाद्विजगणास्तथा ।।।।स्नात्वा पीत्वोदकान्यत्र जले क्रीडन्ति वानराः ।अन्योन्यं प्लावयन्ति स्म शैलमारुह्य वानराः ।।।।

Transliteration

tasya sānuṣu kūjanti nānā-dvija-gaṇās tathā |

Translation

บนไหล่เขาของมัน ฝูงนกนานาพันธุ์ก็ร้องขับขานก้องกังวาน

Word by Word

• tasya: of that (mountain)
• tasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Possessor)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन (Singular)

• sānuṣu: on the slopes/ridges
• sānuṣu: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sānu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), बहुवचन (Plural)

• kūjanti: chirp, sing
• kūjanti: Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √kūj (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन (Plural)

• nānā-dvija-gaṇāḥ: various flocks of birds
• nānā-dvija-gaṇāḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nānā (अव्यय) + dvija (प्रातिपदिक) + gaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन (Plural); समासः तत्पुरुष (dvijānāṃ gaṇāḥ) with nānā as पूर्वपद-विशेषण (various)

• tathā: likewise
• tathā: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)

• snātvā: having bathed
• snātvā: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकालक्रिया/Gerund)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √snā (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), पूर्वकाल (prior action)

• pītvā: having drunk
• pītvā: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकालक्रिया/Gerund)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √pā (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), पूर्वकाल (prior action)

• udakāni: waters
• udakāni: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: udaka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), बहुवचन (Plural)

• atra: here/there
• atra: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Location)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: atra (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; देशवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (adverb of place)

• jale: in water
• jale: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jala (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन (Singular)

• krīḍanti: play, sport
• krīḍanti: Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √krīḍ (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन (Plural)

• vānarāḥ: monkeys (Vānaras)
• vānarāḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vānara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन (Plural)

Context

At that time different kinds of flocks of birds were singing in the mountain ranges. The vanaras after having taken their bath were drinking and sporting with water with each other (pouring water over another) climbing up the mountain.

Characters & Entities

• dvija (birds)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Auspicious signs and harmony (birdsong) accompany the righteous undertaking, suggesting nature’s resonance with dharmic purpose.

What is the narrative situation?

The scene transitions from trees and waters to the living soundscape of the mountain—birds calling—before describing the vānaras bathing and playing.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Śānti (calm composure) is implied as the army pauses amid a harmonious environment, maintaining readiness without disorder of mind.