Shloka 30

युद्धकाण्डे द्वादशः सर्गः — रावणस्य परिषद्-सम्बोधनं कुम्भकर्णस्य नीत्युपदेशश्च

Ravana’s Council Address and Kumbhakarna’s Counsel

Devanagari script

न्यायेनराजकार्याणियःकरोतिदशानन: ।नससन्तप्यतेपश्चान्निश्चितार्थमतिर्नृपः ।।6.12.30।।

Transliteration

nyāyena rājakāryāṇi yaḥ karoti daśānanaḥ |

na sa santapyate paścān niścitārthamatir nṛpaḥ ||6.12.30||

Translation

โอ้ทศานนะ พระราชาผู้มีดุลยพินิจมั่นคง และทรงประกอบราชกิจตามความยุติธรรมและธรรมะ ย่อมไม่เศร้าโศกภายหลัง

Word by Word

• न्यायेन: by justice; rightly
• न्यायेन: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: न्याय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; तृतीया एकवचन (Instrumental singular: by justice/according to right)

• राजकार्याणि: kingly duties
• राजकार्याणि: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राज + कार्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (राज्ञः कार्याणि); नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया बहुवचन (Accusative plural)

• यः: who
• यः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन (Nom singular: who)

• करोति: does
• करोति: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु)
• Form: लट्; प्रथमपुरुष; एकवचन; परस्मैपद (does)

• दशाननः: Ravana (ten-faced)
• दशाननः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दश + आनन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: बहुव्रीहि-समास (दश आननानि यस्य); पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन (Nom singular; epithet)

• न: not
• न: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निषेध (not)

• सः: he
• सः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन (Nom singular: he)

• सन्तप्यते: regrets; is distressed
• सन्तप्यते: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम् + तप् (धातु)
• Form: लट्; प्रथमपुरुष; एकवचन; आत्मनेपद (is distressed/repents)

• पश्चात्: afterwards
• पश्चात्: Adhikarana (अधिकरण-कालय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पश्चात् (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; कालवाचक (afterwards)

• निश्चितार्थमतिः: one whose resolve is fixed
• निश्चितार्थमतिः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: निश्चित + अर्थ + मति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (निश्चितः अर्थः यस्याः सा मति/यस्य सः); पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन; विशेषण (Nom singular qualifying नृपः/सः)

• नृपः: king
• नृपः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नृप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन (Nom singular)

Context

Celebrated Prahastha desiring to carry out the king's order assigned the army inside and outside the city.

Characters & Entities

• Kumbhakarṇa
• Rāvaṇa (Daśānana)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Rājadharma rests on nyāya (justice): a ruler who acts justly and with clear purpose avoids later remorse and suffering born of wrongdoing.

What is the narrative situation?

Kumbhakarṇa instructs Rāvaṇa on proper kingship, contrasting just action with the regret that follows unjust deeds.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Niścaya (firm, clear determination aligned with justice) is emphasized as a kingly virtue.