Shloka 2

युद्धकाण्डे द्वादशः सर्गः — रावणस्य परिषद्-सम्बोधनं कुम्भकर्णस्य नीत्युपदेशश्च

Ravana’s Council Address and Kumbhakarna’s Counsel

Devanagari script

सेनापतेयथातेस्युःकृतविद्याश्चतुर्विधाः ।योधानगररक्षायांतथाव्यादेष्टुमर्हसि ।।6.12.2।।

Transliteration

senāpate yathā te syuḥ kṛtavidyāś caturvidhāḥ |

yodhā nagararakṣāyāṃ tathā vyādeṣṭum arhasi ||6.12.2||

Translation

ข้าแต่แม่ทัพ จงจัดวางเหล่านักรบผู้ชำนาญแห่งกองทัพสี่เหล่าให้รักษานครตามหน้าที่อันควร และจงออกคำสั่งให้เพิ่มความระวังรักษาโดยทั่วกัน

Word by Word

• सेनापते: O commander of the army
• सेनापते: सम्बोधन (Address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सेना+पति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-विभक्ति (Vocative), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष ('सेनायाः पतिः')

• यथा: as, in such a way that
• यथा: प्रकार-अधिकरण (Manner adjunct)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रकारवाचक-अव्यय (manner/comparative)

• ते: of you / under you
• ते: षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध (Sambandha)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वितीया/चतुर्थी? here: षष्ठी?; context 'te syuḥ' = 'they may be yours/under you': षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), एकवचन (enclitic)

• स्युः: may be
• स्युः: क्रिया (Action/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd), बहुवचन; परस्मैपद

• कृतविद्याः: well-trained, skilled
• कृतविद्याः: कर्ता-विशेषण (Subject-qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृत+विद्या (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन; विशेषणम्—'योधाः' इति; तत्पुरुष ('कृता विद्या येषाम्'—in sense, trained/educated)

• चतुर्विधाः: of four divisions
• चतुर्विधाः: कर्ता-विशेषण (Subject-qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: चतुर्+विध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; विशेषणम्—'योधाः' इति; तत्पुरुष ('चत्वारः विधाः')

• योधाः: warriors
• योधाः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: योध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• नगररक्षायाम्: in/for the guarding of the city
• नगररक्षायाम्: अधिकरण (Adhikarana/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नगर+रक्षा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/7th), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष ('नगरस्य रक्षा')

• तथा: so, likewise
• तथा: प्रकार-अधिकरण (Manner adjunct)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रकारवाचक-अव्यय (correlative: so, likewise)

• व्यादेष्टुम्: to command, to assign
• व्यादेष्टुम्: प्रयोजन (Purpose)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि+आ+दिश् (धातु)
• Form: तुमुन्-प्रत्ययान्त (Infinitive); 'to command/assign'

• अर्हसि: you ought / are fit
• अर्हसि: क्रिया (Action/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अर्ह् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), मध्यम-पुरुष (2nd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

Context

"She is a woman of slender waist, plump hips, whose face is like an autumnal full moon. She is gentle and like a golden image. She is like a magical one constructed by Maya."

Characters & Entities

• Rāvaṇa
• Laṅkā (city)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

It highlights rājadharma: a ruler (or his command structure) must organize defense responsibly—placing trained personnel appropriately and maintaining vigilance to protect citizens.

What is the narrative situation?

On the eve of conflict, orders are being framed for Laṅkā’s defense, emphasizing disciplined deployment of the army’s divisions.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Administrative prudence and alertness (apramāda)—the capacity to assign duties correctly and keep defenses prepared.