Ramayana — Sundara Kanda, Sarga 33, Shloka 18

हनूमत्सीतासंवादः

Hanumān–Sītā Dialogue and Identity Verification

Devanagari script

तत्र त्रयोदशे वर्षे राज्येनेक्ष्वाकुनन्दनम्।।।।अभिषेचयितुं राजा सोपाध्यायः प्रचक्रमे।

Transliteration

tatra trayodaśe varṣe rājyene kṣvākunandanam |

abhiṣecayituṃ rājā sopādhyāyaḥ pracakrame ||

Translation

ครั้นถึงปีที่สิบสาม พระราชาพร้อมด้วยพระอุปัชฌาย์หลวง ก็เริ่มจัดเตรียมพิธีอภิเษกสถาปนาพระราม ผู้เป็นความปีติแห่งวงศ์อิกษวากุ ให้ครองราชย์

Word by Word

• तत्र: there
• तत्र: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Location)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तत्र (अव्यय)
• Form: देशवाचक-अव्यय (adverb)

• त्रयोदशे: in the thirteenth
• त्रयोदशे: कालाधिकरण (Kāla-adhikaraṇa/Time)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: त्रयोदश (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग-सामान्ये, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; 'in the thirteenth' (agreeing with वर्षे)

• वर्षे: year
• वर्षे: कालाधिकरण (Kāla-adhikaraṇa/Time)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• राज्येन: with the kingdom (as sovereignty)
• राज्येन: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राज्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; साधन/हेतु-भावे (as means/with the kingdom)

• इक्ष्वाकुनन्दनम्: the delight of the Ikṣvākus (Rāma)
• इक्ष्वाकुनन्दनम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इक्ष्वाकु-नन्दन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; समासः इक्ष्वाकूणां नन्दनः (इक्ष्वाकु + नन्दन)

• अभिषेचयितुम्: to coronate
• अभिषेचयितुम्: प्रयोजन (Purpose/हेतु)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अभि-षिच् (धातु)
• Form: तुमुन्-प्रत्ययान्त (Infinitive/तुमुन्), 'to anoint/coronate'

• राजा: the king
• राजा: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• सोपाध्यायः: together with the preceptor
• सोपाध्यायः: सहकारक (Sahakāraka/Accompaniment)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स-उपाध्याय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; अव्ययीभावः 'उपाध्यायेन सह' (स + उपाध्याय)

• प्रचक्रमे: undertook
• प्रचक्रमे: क्रिया (Main action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-क्रम् (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect/लिट्), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, आत्मनेपद; 'set about/undertook'

Context

"Then in the thirteenth year king Dasaratha along with the royal preceptor arranged to coronate Rama, delight of the Ikshvaku family, in the kingdom.

Characters & Entities

• Rama
• Ikshvaku dynasty
• Dasaratha

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Rajadharma: the orderly and legitimate transfer of sovereignty through consecration, guided by sacred counsel (the preceptor), emphasizing lawful governance.

What is the narrative situation?

Hanuman begins recounting the Ayodhya events to Sita: Daśaratha initiates preparations for Rama’s coronation.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Daśaratha’s commitment to established royal procedure and counsel, reflecting a dharmic approach to kingship.