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Shloka 34

मैत्रीप्रतिज्ञा-वैरकारणप्रश्नः

Friendship Vow and Inquiry into the Cause of Enmity

यत्नवांश्च सुदुष्टात्मा मद्विनाशाय राघव।बहुशस्तत्प्रयुक्ताश्च वानरा निहता मया।।

yatnavāṃś ca suduṣṭātmā madvināśāya rāghava | bahuśas tatprayuktāś ca vānarā nihatā mayā ||

ข้าแต่ราฆวะ! ผู้มีจิตชั่วร้ายยิ่งนั้นพยายามซ้ำแล้วซ้ำเล่าเพื่อทำลายข้าพเจ้า และวานรจำนวนมากที่เขาส่งมาก็ถูกข้าพเจ้าสังหารเสีย

यत्नवान्striving/effortful
यत्नवान्:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootयत्नवत् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, एकवचन, प्रथमा (Nominative Singular)
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
सुदुष्टात्माvery wicked-minded (one)
सुदुष्टात्मा:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootसु + दुष्ट + आत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formकर्मधारय-समास; पुंलिङ्ग, एकवचन, प्रथमा (Nominative Singular)
मद्विनाशायfor my destruction
मद्विनाशाय:
Sampradana (सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Rootमत् (अस्मद्-प्रातिपदिक) + विनाश (प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (mad = my/me + vināśa); पुंलिङ्ग, एकवचन, चतुर्थी (Dative Singular)
राघवO Raghava
राघव:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootराघव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, एकवचन, सम्बोधन (Vocative Singular)
बहुशःmany times/in many ways
बहुशः:
Kriya-visheshana (क्रिया-विशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootबहुशः (अव्यय)
Formप्रकारवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of manner/frequency)
तत्by him/that
तत्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसक, एकवचन, प्रथमा (used as upapada in compound)
प्रयुक्ताःsent/deployed
प्रयुक्ताः:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-युज् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, बहुवचन, प्रथमा (Nominative Plural)
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
वानराःmonkeys
वानराः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootवानर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, बहुवचन, प्रथमा (Nominative Plural)
निहताःwere slain
निहताः:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootनि-हन् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, बहुवचन, प्रथमा (Nominative Plural)
मयाby me
मया:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, एकवचन, तृतीया (Instrumental Singular)

'O Rama! this evil-minded one made several attempts to kill me. The monkeys he sent to kill me were themselves killed.

S
Sugrīva
R
Rāghava (Rāma)
V
Vāli
V
vānaras (monkeys)

FAQs

The verse contrasts unjust aggression with the dharmic right to self-preservation; repeated attempts to kill an innocent are adharma, while defense of life is legitimate.

Sugrīva explains that Vāli repeatedly tried to have him killed by sending attackers, whom Sugrīva fought off.

Courage and endurance under persecution, coupled with truthful disclosure to a righteous judge-like ally (Rāma).