Shloka 9

सम्पातिवृत्तान्तः

Sampāti’s Account and the Sage Niśākara

Devanagari script

अष्टौ वर्षसहस्राणि तेनास्मिन्नृषिणा विना।वसतो मम धर्मज्ञा स्वर्गते तु निशाकरे।।4.60.9।।

Transliteration

aṣṭau varṣasahasrāṇi tenāsminn ṛṣiṇā vinā | vasato mama dharmajñāḥ svargate tu niśākare || 4.60.9 ||

Translation

โอ้ท่านผู้รู้ธรรม ครั้นฤๅษีนิศากระเสด็จสู่สวรรค์แล้ว กาลแปดพันปีได้ล่วงไป ข้าพเจ้าอยู่ ณ ที่นี้โดยปราศจากท่าน

Word by Word

• aṣṭau: eight
• aṣṭau: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: aṣṭa (प्रातिपदिक/संख्या)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग) used with varṣasahasrāṇi; Nominative/Accusative (1st/2nd), Plural (बहुवचन); numeral adjective

• varṣa-sahasrāṇi: thousands of years
• varṣa-sahasrāṇi: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (काल-अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: varṣa (प्रातिपदिक) + sahasra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन); measure of time: 'thousands of years'

• tena: with him/by him
• tena: Sahakāraka (सहकारक/तृतीया)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter (पुं/नपुं), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• asmin: in this (place)
• asmin: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter (पुं/नपुं), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)

• ṛṣiṇā: with the sage
• ṛṣiṇā: Sahakāraka (सहकारक/तृतीया)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ṛṣi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• vinā: without
• vinā: Apādāna (अपादान)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vinā (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), preposition-like particle governing instrumental (तृतीया) meaning 'without'

• vasataḥ: while (I was) dwelling
• vasataḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √vas (वस् धातु)
• Form: Present participle (शतृ), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन); 'of me dwelling' (speaker implied)

• mama: of me/my
• mama: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन)

• dharmajñāḥ: O knowers of dharma
• dharmajñāḥ: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dharma (प्रातिपदिक) + jña (√jñā धातु, क्त/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Vocative (8th/सम्बोधन), Plural (बहुवचन); address to listeners

• svargate: when (he) had gone to heaven
• svargate: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (काल-अधिकरण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: svarga (प्रातिपदिक) + √gam (गम् धातु)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त) used locatively: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन); 'when (he) had gone to heaven'

• tu: but/indeed
• tu: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), particle

• niśākare: when Niśākara (was)
• niśākare: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (काल-अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: niśākara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन); proper name

Context

'O righteous monkeys! after the death of sage Nishakara eight thousand years have passed. And I have been living here.

Characters & Entities

• Sampāti
• Niśākara
• Svarga (heaven)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Respect for dharma-knowledge and truthful chronology: Sampāti addresses the listeners as ‘dharmajñāḥ’ and gives a precise account of time and circumstance.

What is the narrative situation?

Sampāti states how long he has remained in that region after the sage’s passing, emphasizing the long duration of his isolation.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Candor and steadiness—maintaining life through long hardship and recounting it without distortion.