Shloka 29

सम्पातिवाक्यम्

Sampāti’s Counsel and the Revelation of Laṅkā

Devanagari script

बलवीर्योपपन्नानां रूपयौवनशालिनाम्।।4.58.28।।षष्ठस्तु पन्था हंसानां वैनतेयगतिः परा।वैनतेयाच्च नो जन्म सर्वेषां वानरर्षभाः।।4.58.29।।

Transliteration

balavīryopapannānāṃ rūpayauvanaśālinām || 4.58.28 ||

ṣaṣṭhas tu panthā haṃsānāṃ vainateya-gatiḥ parā |

vainateyāc ca no janma sarveṣāṃ vānararṣabhāḥ || 4.58.29 ||

Translation

หนทางที่หกเป็นของหงส์ทั้งหลาย ผู้เพียบพร้อมด้วยกำลังและวีรยศ งามด้วยรูปโฉมและวัยเยาว์ ยิ่งไปกว่านั้นคือคติอันสูงสุด—หนทางของไวเนเตยะ (ครุฑ) แต่พวกเราทั้งปวง โอ้วานรผู้ประเสริฐ มิได้ถือกำเนิดจากไวเนเตยะแต่อย่างใด

Word by Word

• बलवीर्योपपन्नानाम्: of those endowed with strength and vigor
• बलवीर्योपपन्नानाम्: सम्बन्ध (Genitive/possessive qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बल (प्रातिपदिक) + वीर्य (प्रातिपदिक) + उपपन्न (कृदन्त; √पद्/पद्यते इति धातु-सम्बद्ध, उपसर्गः उप-)
• Form: विशेषणम्; पुंलिङ्गे षष्ठी-विभक्तिः, बहुवचनम् (Genitive plural masculine); समासः: बलवीर्य-उपपन्न = बलवीर्येण उपपन्नाः (endowed with strength and vigor)

• रूपयौवनशालिनाम्: of those possessing beauty and youth
• रूपयौवनशालिनाम्: सम्बन्ध (Genitive/possessive qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: रूप (प्रातिपदिक) + यौवन (प्रातिपदिक) + शालिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: विशेषणम्; पुंलिङ्गे षष्ठी-विभक्तिः, बहुवचनम् (Genitive plural masculine); समासः: रूपयौवन-शालिन् = रूपयौवने शालिनः (possessing beauty and youth)

• षष्ठः: the sixth
• षष्ठः: विशेष्य-विशेषणभावः (qualifier of पन्थाः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: षष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक; क्रमवाचक-विशेषण)
• Form: विशेषणम्; पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (Nominative singular masculine)

• तु: but/indeed
• तु: सम्बन्ध (discourse particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्ययम्; निपातः/समुच्चय-व्यतिरेकसूचकः (particle indicating contrast/emphasis: 'but/indeed')

• पन्थाः: path/route
• पन्थाः: कर्ता (subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पथिन्/पन्था (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (Nominative singular masculine); विशेष्यः (subject)

• हंसानाम्: of swans
• हंसानाम्: सम्बन्ध (Genitive: 'of swans')
• Type: Noun
• Root: हंस (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे षष्ठी-विभक्तिः, बहुवचनम् (Genitive plural masculine)

• वैनतेयगतिः: Garuda’s course/way (the Garuda-route)
• वैनतेयगतिः: कर्ता/विशेष्य (appositional subject with पन्थाः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वैनतेय (प्रातिपदिक; विनताया अपत्यं = गरुडः) + गति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गे प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (Nominative singular feminine); समासः: वैनतेयस्य गतिः (Garuda's course/way)

• परा: supreme/above (all others)
• परा: विशेष्य-विशेषणभावः
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: विशेषणम्; स्त्रीलिङ्गे प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (Nominative singular feminine); वैनतेयगतिः इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• वैनतेयात्: from Vainateya (Garuda)
• वैनतेयात्: अपादान (source: 'from')
• Type: Noun
• Root: वैनतेय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे पञ्चमी-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (Ablative singular masculine)

• च: and
• च: सम्बन्ध (connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्ययम्; समुच्चयार्थक-निपातः (conjunction 'and')

• नः: of us / our
• नः: सम्बन्ध (possessor)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; षष्ठी-विभक्तिः, बहुवचनम् (Genitive plural: 'of us/our')

• जन्म: birth/origin
• जन्म: कर्ता (subject of implied 'is')
• Type: Noun
• Root: जन्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (Nominative singular neuter); वाक्ये विषय/कर्ता-स्थानम् (elliptic 'is/was')

• सर्वेषाम्: of all
• सर्वेषाम्: सम्बन्ध (Genitive: 'of all')
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे षष्ठी-विभक्तिः, बहुवचनम् (Genitive plural masculine/neuter usage: 'of all')

• वानरर्षभाः: O bulls among monkeys (O best of monkeys)
• वानरर्षभाः: सम्बोधन (address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वानर (प्रातिपदिक) + ऋषभ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, बहुवचनम् (Nominative plural masculine); समासः: वानराणां ऋषभाः = वानर-ऋषभाः (vocative-sense address though form is nominative plural, संबोधनार्थे प्रयोगः)

Context

'By intuition I know you would see Sita and return. On the first plane you will see sparrows and birds which live on grain. On the second, you will see crows living on the food offered to the dead and birds living on the fruits of trees, and then cocks, cranes and kraunchas moving on the third plane, on the fourth, hawks and falcons and on the fifth, vultures.

Characters & Entities

• haṃsa (swans)
• Vainateya (Garuḍa)
• vānaras

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is honesty about status and capability: Sampāti recognizes higher powers (Garuḍa’s course) while affirming his group’s true lineage—truthful speech that prevents delusion and arrogance.

What is the narrative situation?

Continuing his explanation of aerial strata, Sampāti places swans in a higher course and notes an even higher course associated with Garuḍa, clarifying that the present group does not belong to that exalted line.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Satya (truthfulness) paired with humility: acknowledging greatness without falsely claiming it.