Shloka 5

स्वयंप्रभा-संवादः

Svayamprabha’s Dialogue with the Vanaras

Devanagari script

राजा सर्वस्य लोकस्य महेन्द्रवरुणोपमः।रामो दाशरथिश्शीमान्प्रविष्टो दण्डकावनम्।।4.52.4।।लक्ष्मणेन सह भ्रात्रा वैदेह्या चापि भार्यया।तस्य भार्या जनस्थानाद्रावणेन हृता बलात्।।4.52.5।।

Transliteration

rājā sarvasya lokasya mahendrvaruṇopamaḥ | rāmo dāśarathiḥ śrīmān praviṣṭo daṇḍakāvanam || lakṣmaṇena saha bhrātrā vaidehyā cāpi bhāryayā | tasya bhāryā janasthānād rāvaṇena hṛtā balāt ||

Translation

พระราม โอรสผู้รุ่งเรืองแห่งทศรถ เป็นกษัตริย์ที่โลกทั้งปวงเคารพ เปรียบดังพระอินทร์และพระวรุณ เสด็จเข้าสู่ป่าทัณฑกะพร้อมพระลักษมณ์พระอนุชา และพระชายาไวเทหี ครั้นแล้ว ณ ชนสถาน พระชายาถูกทศกัณฐ์ฉุดคร่าไปด้วยกำลัง

Word by Word

• वीरः: a hero
• वीरः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वीर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), प्रथमा (Nom. 1), एकवचन (sg.)

• तस्य: of him (Rāma)
• तस्य: Sambandha/Genitive (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक (m./n.), षष्ठी (Gen. 6), एकवचन (sg.)

• सखा: friend
• सखा: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सखि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), प्रथमा (Nom. 1), एकवचन (sg.)

• राज्ञः: of the king
• राज्ञः: Sambandha/Genitive (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), षष्ठी (Gen. 6), एकवचन (sg.)

• सुग्रीवः: Sugrīva
• सुग्रीवः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुग्रीव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), प्रथमा (Nom. 1), एकवचन (sg.)

• नाम: by name
• नाम: Nirdharana/Name-marker (नामनिर्देश)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नाम (अव्यय)
• Form: नाम-अव्यय (quotative/particle meaning 'by name')

• वानरः: a monkey
• वानरः: Apposition (समनाधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वानर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), प्रथमा (Nom. 1), एकवचन (sg.)

• राजा: king
• राजा: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), प्रथमा (Nom. 1), एकवचन (sg.)

• वानरमुख्यानाम्: of the chief monkeys
• वानरमुख्यानाम्: Sambandha/Genitive (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वानर + मुख्य (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), षष्ठी (Gen. 6), बहुवचन (pl.); तत्पुरुषः—वानराणां मुख्याः

• येन: by whom
• येन: Karana/Agent-Instrument (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक (m./n.), तृतीया (Instr. 3), एकवचन (sg.)

• प्रस्थापिताः: were dispatched/sent
• प्रस्थापिताः: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र + स्था (धातु) (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (PPP) ‘प्रस्थापित’; पुंलिङ्ग (m.), प्रथमा (Nom. 1), बहुवचन (pl.); कर्मणि-प्रयोग (passive)

• वयम्: we
• वयम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: उत्तमपुरुष-सर्वनाम, प्रथमा (Nom. 1), बहुवचन (pl.)

Context

'Rama, son of Dasaratha, a prosperous king of all the worlds, comparable to Indra and Varuna came to the Dandaka forest along with his brother Laksmana and wife Vaidehi. Ravana abducted his wife from Janasthana.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Daśaratha
• Indra
• Varuṇa
• Daṇḍaka forest
• Lakṣmaṇa
• Vaidehī (Sītā)
• Jana-sthāna
• Rāvaṇa

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is framed through contrast: Rāma’s righteous stature and royal virtue are set against the adharma of forcible abduction, clarifying moral order by narrative opposition.

What is the narrative situation?

Hanumān summarizes Rāma’s entry into the forest with Lakṣmaṇa and Sītā, and reports the central crisis: Sītā’s abduction by Rāvaṇa from Jana-sthāna.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rāma’s exemplary kingship and dignity (śrī, loka-reverence), which heighten the gravity of the wrong done and the urgency of restoring dharma.