Shloka 15

हनूमद्

दूत्यम् / Hanuman’s Mediation and Lakshmana’s Appeal to Sugriva

Devanagari script

दनुर्नाम दितेः पुत्रश्शापाद्राक्षसतां गतः।आख्यातस्तेन सुग्रीवस्समर्थो वानरर्षभः।।

Transliteration

danur nāma diteḥ putraḥ śāpād rākṣasatāṃ gataḥ | ākhyātas tena sugrīvaḥ samartho vānararṣabhaḥ ||

Translation

ดนุ ผู้เป็นโอรสของนางทิติ ซึ่งด้วยคำสาปจึงตกสู่สภาพเป็นรากษส ได้กล่าวไว้ว่า สุครีวะ—ดุจโคอุสภะท่ามกลางวานรทั้งหลาย—ย่อมสามารถกระทำภารกิจนี้ได้

Word by Word

• दनुः: Danu (name)
• दनुः: कर्तृ/विषयः (subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दनु (प्रातिपदिकम्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (Masculine, Nominative, Singular)

• नाम: named / called
• नाम: सम्बन्ध/विशेषण-भावः (naming/appositional marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नाम (अव्ययम्)
• Form: अव्ययम्; नाम-इति संज्ञासूचक-निपातः (indeclinable particle indicating a name: “called/namely”)

• दितेः: of Diti
• दितेः: सम्बन्धः (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिति (प्रातिपदिकम्)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गः, षष्ठी-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (Feminine, Genitive, Singular)

• पुत्रः: son
• पुत्रः: कर्तृ/विषयः (subject; in apposition to दनुः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्र (प्रातिपदिकम्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (Masculine, Nominative, Singular)

• शापात्: by/from a curse
• शापात्: अपादानम् (source/cause: “from/by a curse”)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शाप (प्रातिपदिकम्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, पञ्चमी-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (Masculine, Ablative, Singular)

• राक्षसताम्: demonhood / the state of being a demon
• राक्षसताम्: कर्म (object/state attained)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राक्षसता (प्रातिपदिकम्)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गः, द्वितीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (Feminine, Accusative, Singular)

• गतः: became / attained
• गतः: क्रिया (predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: गम् (धातुः) → गत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिकम्)
• Form: भूतकृदन्तः (क्त-प्रत्ययान्तः); पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; क्रियार्थे ‘अभवत्/प्राप्तवान्’ (Past participle in -ta; Masculine, Nominative, Singular; functioning as finite sense “became/attained”)

• आख्यातः: was told / was said
• आख्यातः: क्रिया (predicate; passive sense)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-ख्या (धातुः) → आख्यात (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिकम्)
• Form: भूतकृदन्तः (क्त-प्रत्ययान्तः); पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; ‘कथितः/उक्तः’ (Past participle; Masculine, Nominative, Singular; “was told/was said”)

• तेन: by him / by that (person)
• तेन: करणम् (instrument/agent in passive: “by him”)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिकम्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः/नपुंसकलिङ्गः, तृतीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (Pronoun; Instrumental, Singular)

• सुग्रीवः: Sugriva
• सुग्रीवः: कर्तृ/विषयः (subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुग्रीव (प्रातिपदिकम्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (Masculine, Nominative, Singular)

• समर्थः: capable / competent
• समर्थः: विशेषणम् (qualifier of subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: समर्थ (प्रातिपदिकम्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; विशेषणम् (Masculine, Nominative, Singular; adjective qualifying सुग्रीवः)

• वानरर्षभः: bull among monkeys / best of monkeys
• वानरर्षभः: कर्तृ/विषयः (subject-apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वानर (प्रातिपदिकम्) + ऋषभ (प्रातिपदिकम्)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (वानराणाम् ऋषभः); पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (Genitive tatpurusha; Masculine, Nominative, Singular; in apposition to सुग्रीवः)

Context

'Diti's son called Danu who had been cursed to live the life of a demon had said that Sugriva, the best among monkeys, would be able to locate her.

Characters & Entities

• Diti
• Danu
• Sugriva
• Rakshasa (state due to curse)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is advanced through rightful alliance and capability: the narrative legitimizes seeking help from the competent (Sugrīva) to correct injustice (Sītā’s abduction).

What is the narrative situation?

A prior declaration/prophetic statement is cited: Danu (cursed into rākṣasa-state) indicated Sugrīva’s ability to help in the mission.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Sugrīva’s competence and leadership (samarthatā), making him a fitting ally in a dharmic cause.