Ramayana — Kishkindha Kanda, Sarga 39, Shloka 41

वानरसेनामिलनम् / The Mustering of the Vanara Hosts

Devanagari script

कुर्वाणा बहुशब्दांश्च प्रहृष्टा बाहुशालिनः।शिरोभिर्वानरेन्द्राय सुग्रीवाय न्यवेदयन्।।4.39.41।।

Transliteration

kurvāṇā bahuśabdāṃś ca prahṛṣṭā bāhuśālinaḥ |

śirobhir vānarendrāya sugrīvāya nyavēdayan || 4.39.41 ||

Translation

ด้วยความปลื้มปีติและไหล่บ่ากำยำ พวกเขาเปล่งเสียงกึกก้องมากมาย แล้วก้มศีรษะถวายบังคม แจ้งตนต่อสุครีวะ ผู้เป็นเจ้าแห่งวานร

Word by Word

• कुर्वाणाः: doing, making
• कुर्वाणाः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु)
• Form: वर्तमानकाले शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (Present active participle/शतृ), पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; परस्मैपदी धातु √कृ

• बहुशब्दान्: many sounds/noises
• बहुशब्दान्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बहु + शब्द (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समास (बहवः शब्दाः), पुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), बहुवचन

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (Conjunctive)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक अव्यय (conjunction)

• प्रहृष्टाः: delighted, joyful
• प्रहृष्टाः: कर्ता-विशेषण (Qualifier of subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रहृष्ट (प्रातिपदिक; √हृष् धातोः क्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (past participle used adjectivally), पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन

• बाहुशालिनः: strong-armed, broad-shouldered
• बाहुशालिनः: कर्ता-विशेषण (Qualifier of subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बाहु + शालिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (बाहूनां शालिनः = having strong arms/shoulders), पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन

• शिरोभिः: with (their) heads
• शिरोभिः: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शिरस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन

• वानरेन्द्राय: to the lord of monkeys
• वानरेन्द्राय: सम्प्रदान (Sampradāna/Recipient)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वानर + इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (वानराणाम् इन्द्रः), पुल्लिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (4th/Dative), एकवचन

• सुग्रीवाय: to Sugriva
• सुग्रीवाय: सम्प्रदान (Sampradāna/Recipient)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुग्रीव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (4th/Dative), एकवचन

• न्यवेदयन्: they reported, informed
• न्यवेदयन्: क्रिया (Verb/Action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: नि + अव + √विद् (धातु)
• Form: लङ्-लकार (Imperfect/Past), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), बहुवचन; धातु √विद् (to know) with causative sense in usage ‘to inform/report’ via prefixation (न्य- = नि+अव)

Context

Sugriva, knower of dharma, at once presented all the prominent vanaras to Rama, and standing with folded hands said.

Characters & Entities

• Sugriva
• Vanara leaders

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Respectful order in leadership: joy and strength are guided by discipline—reporting formally to the king reflects dharmic governance.

What is the narrative situation?

The arriving vanara chiefs announce their presence and allegiance to Sugriva.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Humility and disciplined loyalty among powerful warriors.