Shloka 11

कृतघ्ननिन्दा तथा सुग्रीवप्रबोधनम्

Condemnation of Ingratitude and Admonition of Sugriva

Devanagari script

गीतोऽयं ब्रह्मणा श्लोक स्सर्वलोकनमस्कृतः।दृष्ट्वा कृतघ्नं क्रुद्धेन तन्निबोध प्लवङ्गम।।।।

Transliteration

gīto 'yaṃ brahmaṇā ślokaḥ sarvalokanamaskṛtaḥ | dṛṣṭvā kṛtaghnaṃ kruddhena tan nibodha plavaṅgama ||

Translation

ข้าแต่องค์จ้าววานร จงสดับเถิด: โศลกนี้พระพรหมทรงขับขาน เป็นที่นอบน้อมสักการะของสรรพโลก; พราหมณ์ผู้เดือดดาลได้กล่าวไว้เมื่อเห็นคนอกตัญญู.

Word by Word

• gītaḥ: sung / uttered
• gītaḥ: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: gai (गै धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (PPP), पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘sung/uttered’

• ayam: this
• ayam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (इदम् सर्वनाम)
• Form: सर्वनाम, पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• brahmaṇā: by Brahmā
• brahmaṇā: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: brahman (ब्रह्मन् प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (Instrumental/करण), एकवचन

• ślokaḥ: verse
• ślokaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śloka (श्लोक प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• sarva-loka-namaskṛtaḥ: revered by all worlds
• sarva-loka-namaskṛtaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sarva (सर्व) + loka (लोक) + namaskṛta (नमस्कृत)
• Form: तत्पुरुष (‘revered by all worlds’), पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• dṛṣṭvā: having seen
• dṛṣṭvā: Purvakala (पूर्वकाल)
• Type: Verb
• Root: dṛś (दृश् धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (Gerund/absolutive), ‘having seen’

• kṛtaghnam: the ungrateful (one)
• kṛtaghnam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kṛtaghna (कृतघ्न प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• kruddhena: by the enraged (one)
• kruddhena: Karana (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: krudh (क्रुध् धातु) (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त, पुल्लिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; कर्तृविशेषण (by the enraged one)

• tat: that
• tat: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (तद् सर्वनाम)
• Form: सर्वनाम, नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• nibodha: understand / listen
• nibodha: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ni+budh (नि+बुध् धातु)
• Form: लोट्-लकार (Imperative), परस्मैपद, मध्यमपुरुष (2nd person), एकवचन

• plavaṅgama: O monkey
• plavaṅgama: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: plavaṅgama (प्लवङ्गम प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचन

Context

'O lord of the monkeys here is a verse worthy of appreciation by all the worlds, sung by a brahmin, when he saw an ungrateful person. Listen:

Characters & Entities

• Lakṣmaṇa
• Sugrīva
• brāhmaṇa
• śloka

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Moral instruction is grounded in universally respected wisdom: dharma is not merely personal opinion but supported by authoritative ethical reflection condemning ingratitude.

What is the narrative situation?

Lakṣmaṇa prepares to cite a traditional maxim to warn Sugrīva about the consequences of failing to repay help.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Teaching through śāstric/ethical precedent—Lakṣmaṇa uses remembered wisdom to correct conduct, aligning action with satya (truthfulness to one’s word).