Shloka 52

किष्किन्धाप्रवेशः—लक्ष्मणस्य कोपः, तारासान्त्वम्, सुग्रीवदर्शनम्

Lakshmana Enters Kishkindha: Anger, Tara’s Mediation, and Sugriva Encountered

Devanagari script

कोपं कथं नाम गुणप्रकृष्टःकुमार कुर्यादपकृष्टसत्त्वे।कस्त्वद्विधः कोपवशं हि गच्छेत्सत्त्वावरुद्धस्तपसः प्रसूतिः।।।।

Transliteration

kopaṃ kathaṃ nāma guṇaprakṛṣṭaḥ kumāra kuryād apakṛṣṭasattve | kas tvadvidhaḥ kopavaśaṃ hi gacchet sattvāvaruddhas tapasaḥ prasūtiḥ ||

Translation

โอ เจ้าชาย ผู้เลิศด้วยคุณธรรมจะโกรธผู้ด้อยกำลังใจได้อย่างไร? ผู้ใดเล่าจะเป็นเช่นท่าน—ผู้ถูกยับยั้งด้วยความประเสริฐ และเป็นผลแห่งตบะ—แล้วจะตกอยู่ใต้อำนาจแห่งโทสะ

Word by Word

• कोपम्: anger
• कोपम्: कर्म (object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कोप (प्रातिपदिकम्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, द्वितीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (masculine, accusative, singular)

• कथम्: how
• कथम्: क्रियाविशेषण (adverbial modifier)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कथम् (अव्ययम्)
• Form: प्रश्नार्थक-अव्ययम्/क्रियाविशेषणम् (interrogative adverb)

• नाम: indeed / ever (emphatic)
• नाम: निपात (particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नाम (अव्ययम्)
• Form: निपातः/अव्ययम् (particle; emphasis/astonishment)

• गुणप्रकृष्टः: excellent in virtues
• गुणप्रकृष्टः: कर्तृ (agent; subject-qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: गुण + प्रकृष्ट (प्रातिपदिके; समासः)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (गुणैः प्रकृष्टः) (masculine, nominative, singular; genitive/determinative tatpurusha sense)

• कुमार: O prince
• कुमार: सम्बोधन (address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुमार (प्रातिपदिकम्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, सम्बोधन-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (masculine, vocative, singular)

• कुर्यात्: would do / would entertain
• कुर्यात्: क्रिया (verbal action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातुः)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम् (optative, parasmaipada, 3rd person singular)

• अपकृष्टसत्त्वे: in one of inferior strength/character
• अपकृष्टसत्त्वे: अधिकरण (locus/condition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अपकृष्ट + सत्त्व (प्रातिपदिके; समासः)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गः, सप्तमी-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; कर्मधारय/तत्पुरुष-भावः (अपकृष्टं सत्त्वं यस्य/यत्र) (neuter, locative, singular)

• कः: who
• कः: कर्तृ (agent; subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: किम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिकम्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (interrogative pronoun; masculine, nominative, singular)

• त्वद्विधः: one like you
• त्वद्विधः: कर्तृ (agent; subject-qualifier)
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्वद् + विध (प्रातिपदिके; समासः)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (त्वद्विधः = त्वत्सदृशः) (masculine, nominative, singular)

• कोपवशम्: under the control of anger
• कोपवशम्: कर्म (object; goal/state reached)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कोप + वश (प्रातिपदिके; समासः)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, द्वितीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; तत्पुरुषः (कोपस्य वशः) (masculine, accusative, singular)

• हि: indeed / for
• हि: निपात (particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (अव्ययम्)
• Form: निपातः (particle; causal/emphatic)

• गच्छेत्: would go / would fall into
• गच्छेत्: क्रिया (verbal action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: गम् (धातुः)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम् (optative, parasmaipada, 3rd person singular)

• सत्त्वावरुद्धः: restrained/fortified by virtue (self-control)
• सत्त्वावरुद्धः: कर्तृ (agent; subject-qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सत्त्व + अवरुद्ध (प्रातिपदिके; समासः)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; तत्पुरुषः (सत्त्वेन अवरुद्धः = सत्त्वेन निरुद्ध/आवृतः, सत्त्वसम्पन्नः) (masculine, nominative, singular)

• तपसः: of penance / austerity
• तपसः: सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तपस् (प्रातिपदिकम्)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गः, षष्ठी-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (neuter, genitive, singular)

• प्रसूतिः: offspring / product / source
• प्रसूतिः: कर्तृ/विधेय (subject/predicate nominative; apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रसूतिः (प्रातिपदिकम्; स्त्रीलिङ्ग)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गः, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (feminine, nominative, singular)

Context

'O prince! how can you, richly endowed with virtues be angry with an inferior person? How can a person like you, pre-eminent in virtues,and a source of great penance fall a victim to anger?

Characters & Entities

• Tārā
• Lakṣmaṇa
• tapas

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Moral superiority shows itself through restraint: a virtuous person should not let krodha (anger) dominate, especially against the weaker.

What is the narrative situation?

Tārā continues advising Lakṣmaṇa, reframing the moment as a test of his virtue and self-mastery.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Self-control rooted in tapas—Lakṣmaṇa is praised as capable of restraint, and urged to embody it.