Shloka 55

शरत्प्रवेशे रामविलापः तथा सुग्रीवप्रमादे लक्ष्मणप्रेषणम्

Autumn’s Onset: Rama’s Lament and Lakshmana Sent to Sugriva

Devanagari script

सचक्रवाकानि सशैवलानिकाशैर्दुकूलैरिव संवृतानि।सपत्रलेखानि सरोचनानिवधूमुखानीव नदीमुखानि।।

Transliteration

sa-cakravākāni sa-śaivalāni kāśair dukūlair iva saṃvṛtāni | sa-patra-lekhāni sa-rocanāni vadhū-mukhānīva nadī-mukhāni ||

Translation

ปากแม่น้ำทั้งหลาย เต็มด้วยนกจักรวากะและตะไคร่น้ำเขียว และถูกหญ้ากาศะคลุมประหนึ่งผ้าไหม—แลดูดุจใบหน้าเจ้าสาว ที่ประดับลายใบไม้และแต้มโรจนาอันสว่างไสว

Word by Word

• स-चक्रवाकानि: with cakravāka birds
• स-चक्रवाकानि: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स (अव्यय-उपसर्गवत्) + चक्रवाक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; सहार्थक-तत्पुरुषः (चक्रवाकैः सहितानि)

• स-शैवलानि: with moss/algae
• स-शैवलानि: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स (अव्यय-उपसर्गवत्) + शैवल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; सहार्थक-तत्पुरुषः (शैवलेन सहितानि)

• काशैः: by/with kāśa reeds
• काशैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: काश (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन

• दुकूलैः: with silk cloths
• दुकूलैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुकूल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; उपमान-करण

• इव: as if
• इव: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/उपमा)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव (अव्यय)
• Form: उपमा-अव्यय

• संवृतानि: covered
• संवृतानि: Vidhaya (विधेय/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सम्-वृ (वृ धातु) (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; (agreeing with नदीमुखानि)

• स-पत्र-लेखानि: with leaf-like markings
• स-पत्र-लेखानि: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स (अव्यय) + पत्र (प्रातिपदिक) + लेख (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; सहार्थक-तत्पुरुषः (पत्रलेखैः सहितानि)

• स-रोचनानि: with gorocanā (yellow pigment)
• स-रोचनानि: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स (अव्यय) + रोचना (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; सहार्थक-तत्पुरुषः (रोचनया सहितानि)

• वधू-मुखानि: brides' faces
• वधू-मुखानि: Upamana (उपमान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वधू (प्रातिपदिक) + मुख (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुषः—‘वध्वाः मुखानि’ (upamāna)

• इव: like
• इव: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/उपमा)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव (अव्यय)
• Form: उपमा-अव्यय

• नदी-मुखानि: river-mouths
• नदी-मुखानि: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नदी (प्रातिपदिक) + मुख (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (कर्ता), बहुवचन; तत्पुरुषः—‘नद्याः मुखानि’ (river-mouths)

Context

'Crowded with chakravaka birds and green moss, and covered with kasa reeds like silken veils, the river banks appear like the face of the bride decorated with designs of green leaves and gorochana tilaka.

Characters & Entities

• Rama
• Lakshmana
• cakravāka (birds)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is the discipline of seeing rightly: the verse trains the mind to notice reality with clarity (satya) while maintaining refined, non-harmful speech.

What is the narrative situation?

Rama poetically describes riverbanks and river-mouths in autumn, when vegetation and birds become distinct as waters clear and recede.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rama’s composure and cultured expression even amid sorrow—using beauty to communicate truth without losing restraint.