Shloka 53

शरत्प्रवेशे रामविलापः तथा सुग्रीवप्रमादे लक्ष्मणप्रेषणम्

Autumn’s Onset: Rama’s Lament and Lakshmana Sent to Sugriva

Devanagari script

जलं प्रसन्नं कुमुदं प्रभासंक्रौञ्चस्वनश्शालिवनं विपक्वम्।मृदुश्च वायुर्विमलश्च चन्द्रश्शंसन्ति वर्षव्यपनीतकालम्।।

Transliteration

jalaṃ prasannaṃ kumudaṃ prabhāsaṃ krauñca-svanaś śāli-vanaṃ vipakvam | mṛduś ca vāyur vimalas ca candraḥ śaṃsanti varṣa-vyapanīta-kālam ||

Translation

สายน้ำใสสะอาด ดอกกุมุทบานสว่าง เสียงร้องนกเคราญจะ นาข้าวสาลีสุกงอม ลมอ่อนละมุน และจันทร์ผ่องใส—ล้วนประกาศว่า ฤดูฝนได้ล่วงพ้น และฤดูศรัท (สารท) ได้มาถึงแล้ว

Word by Word

• जलम्: water
• जलम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• प्रसन्नम्: clear
• प्रसन्नम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रसन्न (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘clear/serene’

• कुमुदम्: night-lotus
• कुमुदम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुमुद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• प्रभासम्: radiant
• प्रभासम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रभास (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘shining/blooming’

• क्रौञ्च-स्वनः: the call of krauñca birds
• क्रौञ्च-स्वनः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्रौञ्च (प्रातिपदिक) + स्वन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः—‘क्रौञ्चानां स्वनः’

• शालि-वनम्: paddy-field
• शालि-वनम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शालि (प्रातिपदिक) + वन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः—‘शालीनां वनम्’ (paddy-field)

• विपक्वम्: ripe
• विपक्वम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वि-पच् (पच् धातु) (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘fully ripe’

• मृदुः: gentle
• मृदुः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मृदु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• वायुः: wind/breeze
• वायुः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वायु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• विमलः: pure/bright
• विमलः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विमल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय

• चन्द्रः: moon
• चन्द्रः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: चन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• शंसन्ति: proclaim/indicate
• शंसन्ति: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: शंस् (शंस् धातु)
• Form: लट् (वर्तमान), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; परस्मैपदम्

• वर्ष-व्यपनीत-कालम्: the time when the rainy season has passed
• वर्ष-व्यपनीत-कालम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर्ष (प्रातिपदिक) + व्यपनीत (कृदन्त) + काल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः—‘वर्षेण व्यपनीतः कालः’ / ‘वर्षस्य व्यपनीतः कालः’ (time when rains have passed)

Context

'The fresh blooms of night lotuses, the cackle of krauncha birds, fully ripened fields of paddy, the gentle breeze and the bright Moon indicate the coming to an end of the rainy season and setting in of autum.

Characters & Entities

• Rama
• Lakshmana
• krauñca (birds)
• kumuda (night-lotus)
• candra (Moon)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma here is attentiveness to ṛtu-dharma (the order of seasons): nature’s truthful signs (satya) should guide timely action and responsible decision-making.

What is the narrative situation?

Rama points out natural indicators that the rains have ended and autumn has begun, in the period of waiting and movement in Kishkindha after the monsoon.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rama’s discernment and truth-oriented observation: he reads the world carefully and speaks in accordance with what is evident.