Shloka 37

द्वादशः सर्गः — Rama’s Proof of Power, the First Duel, and the Identification Mark

Kishkindha Kanda, Sarga 12

Devanagari script

तस्माद्युध्यस्व भूयस्त्वं मा मा शङ्केश्च वानर4.12.36।।एतन्मुहूर्ते सुग्रीव पश्य वालिनमाहवे।निरस्तमिषुणैकेन वेष्टमानं महीतले4.12.37।।

Transliteration

tasmād yudhyasva bhūyas tvaṁ mā mā śaṅkeś ca vānara || 4.12.36 ||

etan muhūrte sugrīva paśya vālinam āhave |

nirastam iṣuṇā ekena veṣṭamānaṁ mahī-tale || 4.12.37 ||

Translation

เพราะฉะนั้น โอ้วานร จงออกไปสู้รบอีกครั้ง—อย่าได้กังขาในเรา

Word by Word

• abhijñānam: a sign of recognition
• abhijñānam: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: abhijñāna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे, द्वितीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्

• kuruṣva: make/do (put on)
• kuruṣva: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: kṛ (धातु)
• Form: लोट्-लकारः, मध्यमपुरुषः, एकवचनम्; आत्मनेपदम्

• tvam: you
• tvam: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tvad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्

• ātmanaḥ: of yourself
• ātmanaḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Possessor)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ātman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्गे, षष्ठी-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; स्वार्थे (of yourself)

• vānarēśvara: O lord of monkeys
• vānarēśvara: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vānara (प्रातिपदिक) + īśvara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समासः (षष्ठी: ‘वानराणाम् ईश्वरः’), सम्बोधन, पुल्लिङ्गे, एकवचनम्

• yena: by which
• yena: Karaṇa (करण/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, नपुंसकलिङ्गे, तृतीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्

• tvām: you
• tvām: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tvad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, द्वितीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्

• abhijānīyām: I may recognize
• abhijānīyām: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: abhi + jñā (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ्-लकारः (Optative), उत्तमपुरुषः, एकवचनम्; परस्मैपदम्

• dvandva-yuddham: duel/combat
• dvandva-yuddham: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dvandva (प्रातिपदिक) + yuddha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समासः (‘द्वन्द्वं युद्धम्’), नपुंसकलिङ्गे, द्वितीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; ‘उपागतम्’ इति विशेष्यं

• upāgatam: having approached/come
• upāgatam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: upa + ā + gam (धातु) + ta (क्त-प्रत्यय)
• Form: कृदन्तः—क्त (PPP), नपुंसकलिङ्गे, द्वितीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; ‘द्वन्द्वयुद्धम्’ इति विशेषणम् (that has come/approached)

Context

'Therefore, O monkey, go and engage yourself in fight again. Do not suspect me. With this single arrow of mine, in one moment you will see Vali thrown down and rolling on the ground in this combat.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Sugrīva
• Vālī
• arrow (iṣu/śara)
• battle (āhava)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma includes keeping one’s pledged word and restoring justice; Rāma urges renewed effort while reaffirming reliable protection and truthful commitment.

What is the narrative situation?

After explaining his earlier hesitation, Rāma instructs Sugrīva to re-enter combat and promises immediate, decisive intervention against Vālī.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Reliability and courage—Rāma removes doubt and stands firmly by his alliance-duty.