Shloka 29

द्वादशः सर्गः — Rama’s Proof of Power, the First Duel, and the Identification Mark

Kishkindha Kanda, Sarga 12

Devanagari script

सुग्रीव श्रूयातां तात क्रोधश्च व्यपनीयताम्।कारणं येन बाणोऽयं न मया स विसर्जितः4.12.29।।

Transliteration

sugrīva śrūyatāṁ tāta krodhaś ca vyapanīyatām |

kāraṇaṁ yena bāṇo ’yaṁ na mayā sa visarjitaḥ || 4.12.29 ||

Translation

สุครีพเอ๋ย สหายผู้เป็นที่รัก จงฟังเถิดและวางความโกรธลง เราจักบอกเหตุที่เรามิได้ปล่อยศรนี้

Word by Word

• सुग्रीव: O Sugriva
• सुग्रीव: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुग्रीव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचन

• श्रूयताम्: let (it) be heard; listen
• श्रूयताम्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √श्रु (धातु)
• Form: लोट् (Imperative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; आत्मनेपद; आज्ञार्थे/विधिलिङ्गार्थे: ‘let it be heard’ = please listen

• तात: dear one
• तात: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तात (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचन; affectionate address

• क्रोधः: anger
• क्रोधः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्रोध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; subject of passive imperative ‘vyapanīyatām’

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय

• व्यपनीयताम्: let (it) be removed
• व्यपनीयताम्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि + अप + √नी (धातु)
• Form: लोट् (Imperative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद; कर्मणि प्रयोग: ‘let it be removed’

• कारणम्: the reason
• कारणम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कारण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया/प्रथमा, एकवचन; object of ‘hear’ (understood) = the reason

• येन: by which
• येन: Hetu (हेतु/Cause marker)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; relative pronoun = by which/whereby

• बाणः: arrow
• बाणः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बाण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; subject of passive ‘visarjitaḥ’

• अयम्: this
• अयम्: Karta-anvaya (कर्तृविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; demonstrative qualifying ‘बाणः’ = this

• न: not
• न: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध

• मया: by me
• मया: Kartr̥ (कर्ता/Agent)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तृतीया, एकवचन; instrumental agent = by me

• सः: that
• सः: Karta-anvaya (कर्तृविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; demonstrative qualifying ‘बाणः’ (resumptive) = that

• विसर्जितः: released
• विसर्जितः: Kriya-samānādhikaraṇa (क्रियासमानाधिकरण/Predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि + √सृज् (धातु)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; passive predicate = released

Context

'O dear Sugriva! dispel your anger and listen to me why I had not released the arrow.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Sugrīva
• arrow (bāṇa)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma includes mastery over anger and commitment to truthful explanation; Rāma asks for calm listening before acting or judging.

What is the narrative situation?

After the first clash, Sugrīva is upset that Vālī was not struck; Rāma begins explaining his restraint.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rāma’s composure and accountability—he offers reasons rather than excuses.