Shloka 25

द्वादशः सर्गः — Rama’s Proof of Power, the First Duel, and the Identification Mark

Kishkindha Kanda, Sarga 12

Devanagari script

तं समीक्ष्यागतं रामं सुग्रीवस्सहलक्ष्मणम्।ह्रीमान्दीनमुवाचेदं वसुधामवलोकयन्4.12.25।।

Transliteration

taṃ samīkṣyāgataṃ rāmaṃ sugrīvaḥ saha-lakṣmaṇam | hrīmān dīnam uvācedaṃ vasudhām avalokayan || 4.12.25 ||

Translation

ครั้นเห็นพระรามเสด็จมาพร้อมพระลักษมณ์ สุครีวผู้ละอายและหดหู่ จึงกล่าวถ้อยคำนี้อย่างโศกา พลางก้มมองพื้นดิน

Word by Word

• तम्: him
• तम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; refers to Rāma

• समीक्ष्य: having observed
• समीक्ष्य: Kriya (क्रियाविशेषण/पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम् + √ईक्ष् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive); ‘having looked at/observed’

• आगतम्: arrived
• आगतम्: Karma-anvaya (कर्मविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आगत (कृदन्त; आ + √गम् धातु)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; भूतकृदन्त (क्त) qualifying ‘रामम्’ = come/arrived

• रामम्: Rama
• रामम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; object of ‘seeing’ and of ‘said to’

• सुग्रीवः: Sugriva
• सुग्रीवः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुग्रीव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; subject

• सह-लक्ष्मणम्: together with Lakshmana
• सह-लक्ष्मणम्: Karma-anvaya (कर्मविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सह (अव्यय) + लक्ष्मण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; अव्ययीभाव: ‘लक्ष्मणेन सह’ = accompanied by Lakṣmaṇa; qualifies ‘रामम्’

• ह्रीमान्: ashamed, modest
• ह्रीमान्: Karta-anvaya (कर्तृविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ह्रीमत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; possessive adjective = having shame/modesty

• दीनम्: piteously
• दीनम्: Kriya-visheṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दीन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; used adverbially with ‘उवाच’ = in a piteous manner

• उवाच: said
• उवाच: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वच् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद; ‘said/spoke’

• इदम्: this
• इदम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; object = this (speech/this word)

• वसुधाम्: the ground
• वसुधाम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वसुधा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; object of ‘looking at’

• अवलोकयन्: looking (down)
• अवलोकयन्: Karta-anvaya (कर्तृविशेषण/Concurrent action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अव + √लोक् (धातु)
• Form: शतृ (present active participle/वर्तमान कृदन्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘while looking’ (concurrent action)

Context

At the sight of Rama accompanied by Lakshmana, Sugriva felt ashmed and aggrieved, and looking down on the ground, said:

Characters & Entities

• Sugrīva
• Rāma
• Lakṣmaṇa

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma includes moral sensitivity: shame and humility can signal awareness of relational duty and the seriousness of promises in alliances.

What is the narrative situation?

After being routed, Sugrīva meets Rāma again and prepares to voice his grievance.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Hrī (conscience/healthy shame) and frankness in seeking clarification.