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Shloka 23

द्वादशः सर्गः — Rama’s Proof of Power, the First Duel, and the Identification Mark

Kishkindha Kanda, Sarga 12

तं प्रविष्टं वनं दृष्ट्वा वाली शापभयार्दितः।मुक्तो ह्यसि त्वमित्युक्त्वा स निवृत्तो महाद्युतिः4.12.23।।

taṃ praviṣṭaṃ vanaṃ dṛṣṭvā vālī śāpa-bhayārditaḥ | mukto hy asi tvam ity uktvā sa nivṛtto mahādyutiḥ || 4.12.23 ||

ครั้นเห็นเขาเข้าไปในพงไพรนั้น วาลีผู้ร้อนรนด้วยความกลัวคำสาปของฤๅษี จึงกล่าวว่า “เจ้ารอดพ้นแล้วจริง” แล้วผู้รุ่งเรืองนั้นก็หันกลับไป

तम्him
तम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम/प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; pronoun = him
प्रविष्टम्having entered
प्रविष्टम्:
Karma-anvaya (कर्मविशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रविष्ट (कृदन्त; प्र + √विश् धातु)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; भूतकृदन्त (क्त) qualifying ‘तम्’ = having entered
वनम्the forest/grove
वनम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootवन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; object of ‘seeing’ (dṛṣṭvā) in sense ‘seeing him entered into the forest’
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
Kriya (क्रियाविशेषण/पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√दृश् (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund); ‘having seen’
वालीVali
वाली:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootवालिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; subject
शाप-भय-अर्दितःafflicted by fear of the curse
शाप-भय-अर्दितः:
Karta-anvaya (कर्तृविशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootशाप (प्रातिपदिक) + भय (प्रातिपदिक) + अर्दित (कृदन्त; √अर्द् धातु)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (षष्ठी/सम्बन्ध): ‘शापस्य भयेन अर्दितः’ = afflicted by fear of the curse
मुक्तःfreed, escaped
मुक्तः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Predicate)
TypeAdjective
Rootमुक्त (कृदन्त; √मुच् धातु)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; predicate adjective in direct speech = freed/escaped
हिindeed
हि:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Discourse particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle/emphasis)
असिare
असि:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√अस् (धातु)
Formलट् (Present/लट्), मध्यमपुरुष (2nd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद; ‘you are’
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम/प्रातिपदिक)
Formप्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; pronoun = you
इतिthus
इति:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Quotation marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति (अव्यय)
Formउद्धरणसूचक अव्यय (quotative particle)
उक्त्वाhaving said
उक्त्वा:
Kriya (क्रियाविशेषण/पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√वच् (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive); ‘having said’
सःhe
सः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम/प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; refers to Vāli
निवृत्तःreturned, withdrew
निवृत्तः:
Kriya-samānādhikaraṇa (क्रियासमानाधिकरण/Predicate)
TypeAdjective
Rootनिवृत्त (कृदन्त; नि + √वृत् धातु)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; भूतकृदन्त (क्त) used predicatively = turned back/returned
महा-द्युतिःof great splendour
महा-द्युतिः:
Karta-anvaya (कर्तृविशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootमहा (प्रातिपदिक) + द्युति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; कर्मधारय: ‘महती द्युतिः यस्य’ (as an epithet)

Effulgent Vali saw Sugriva entering the (prohibited) grove and turned back due to the fear of the curse (of sage Matanga) saying, 'You have escaped'.

V
Vāli
S
Sugrīva
M
Matanga-grove/forbidden grove
C
curse (śāpa)

FAQs

Even the powerful are checked by dharmic limits—fear of transgressing a sage’s sanctified boundary restrains aggression.

Vāli stops pursuing Sugrīva upon seeing him enter the prohibited/sacred grove and retreats.

Recognition of higher moral authority (respect for ascetic power and sacred injunctions), even if motivated by fear.