Shloka 11

सुग्रीवस्य वैरानुकथनम्

Sugriva’s Account of Enmity and Appeal to Rama

Devanagari script

स्निग्धमेवं ब्रुवाणं मां स तु निर्भर्त्स्य वानरः।।धिक्त्वामिति च मा मुक्त्वा बहु तत्तदुवाच ह।

Transliteration

snigdham evaṃ bruvāṇaṃ māṃ sa tu nirbhartsya vānaraḥ | dhik tvām iti ca mā muktvā bahu tattad uvāca ha ||

Translation

แม้ข้าพระองค์จะกล่าวกับเขาด้วยถ้อยคำอ่อนโยนเช่นนั้น แต่วานรผู้นั้นกลับดุด่าว่ากล่าวข้าพระองค์ พลางร้องว่า “น่าละอายแก่เจ้า!” แล้วไม่ยอมปล่อยให้ข้าพระองค์เป็นอิสระ ยังสาดคำกล่าวหาเป็นอันมากนานาประการ

Word by Word

• snigdham: affectionately, kindly
• snigdham: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: snigdha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन; क्रियाविशेषणवत् (used adverbially)

• evam: thus
• evam: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: evam (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; प्रकारवाचक (manner adverb)

• bruvāṇam: speaking
• bruvāṇam: Karma-viśeṣaṇa (कर्मविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: brū (धातु) + śatṛ (कृत्)
• Form: वर्तमानकाले कृदन्त (Present active participle, शतृ); पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘speaking’

• mām: me
• mām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• tu: but
• tu: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अवधारण/विरोधार्थक (particle: but/indeed)

• nirbhartsya: having rebuked
• nirbhartsya: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: nir-bharts (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (Absolutive/Gerund); ‘having rebuked/abused’

• vānaraḥ: the monkey
• vānaraḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vānara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा, एकवचन

• dhik: shame!
• dhik: Vākyopapada (वाक्योपपद)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: dhik (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निन्दावाचक (interjection of censure)

• tvām: you
• tvām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yusmad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; द्वितीया, एकवचन

• iti: thus
• iti: Vākyaprayojaka (वाक्यप्रयोजक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iti (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; इत्यादि-उद्धरणार्थक (quotative particle)

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय (conjunction)

• mā: me
• mā: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; द्वितीया, एकवचन (enclitic form)

• muktvā: having left (me)
• muktvā: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: muc (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (Absolutive/Gerund); ‘having left/released’

• bahu: much; many (words)
• bahu: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: bahu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया, एकवचन; क्रियाविशेषणवत् (used adverbially: much)

• tat: that (various)
• tat: Karma-viśeṣaṇa (कर्मविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम-विशेषण; नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया, एकवचन; पुनरुक्ति-प्रयोगे (in repetition)

• tat: that (and that)
• tat: Karma-viśeṣaṇa (कर्मविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम-विशेषण; नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया, एकवचन; पुनरुक्ति-प्रयोगे

• uvāca: said
• uvāca: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vac (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• ha: indeed (narrative)
• ha: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ha (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; स्मरण/वृत्तान्तसूचक (narrative particle)

Context

'Even tnough I spoke to him with affection, Vali abused me in many words, saying, 'Fie on you'.

Characters & Entities

• Sugrīva
• Vālin

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma of speech: harsh, insulting words violate righteous conduct; anger distorts judgment and damages relationships.

What is the narrative situation?

Sugrīva recounts that Vālin responded to his conciliatory words with abuse and repeated reproaches.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Sugrīva’s forbearance (kṣamā) in receiving insult while attempting peace.