Valmiki Ramayana 2.47.11: Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 47, Shloka 11

अयोध्यायाः पौरविलापः

Lament of the Citizens of Ayodhya on Rama’s Absence

Devanagari script

निर्यातास्तेन वीरेण सह नित्यं जितात्मना।विहीनास्तेन च पुनः कथं पश्याम तां पुरीम्।।।।

Sanskrit recitationValmiki Ramayana 2.47.11

Transliteration

niryātās tena vīreṇa saha nityaṃ jitātmanā | vihīnāḥ tena ca punaḥ kathaṃ paśyāma tāṃ purīm || 2.47.11 ||

Translation

เราทั้งหลายเคยออกเดินทางเคียงข้างวีรบุรุษผู้สำรวมตนผู้นั้นเสมอ บัดนี้เมื่อพรากจากท่านแล้ว เราจะเหลียวมองนครนั้นได้อย่างไรอีกเล่า

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Word by Word

• niryātāḥ: (we) having gone out
• niryātāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: nir-yā (निर्-या धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past participle), पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, बहुवचनम्; वयं इति कर्तृवाच्ये (having gone out)

• tena: with him
• tena: Sahakari (सहकारी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (तद् सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, तृतीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (with him)

• vīreṇa: the hero
• vīreṇa: Sahakari (सहकारी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vīra (वीर प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, तृतीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; तेन इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• saha: together with
• saha: Sahakari (सहकारी)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: saha (अव्यय)
• Form: सहार्थक-अव्यय/उपपद (with); तृतीया-सम्बन्धः

• nityam: always
• nityam: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: nityam (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (always)

• jitātmanā: with the self-controlled one
• jitātmanā: Sahakari (सहकारी)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: jita (ji धातु, क्त) + ātman (आत्मन् प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: समासः: तत्पुरुषः (जितः आत्मा येन = self-controlled); पुंलिङ्गः, तृतीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; तेन इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• vihīnāḥ: bereft
• vihīnāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vi-hīna (वि-हीन प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, बहुवचनम्; वयं इति विशेषणम् (deprived)

• tena: because of him/without him
• tena: Hetu (हेतुः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (तद् सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, तृतीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (of him/with him)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय

• punaḥ: again
• punaḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: punaḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: पुनरावृत्तिवाचक-अव्यय (again)

• katham: how
• katham: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: katham (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रश्नार्थक-अव्यय

• paśyāma: shall we see
• paśyāma: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: dṛś (दृश् धातु)
• Form: लट् (present), उत्तमपुरुषः, बहुवचनम्; परस्मैपदम् (Vedic/epic variant alongside paśyāmaḥ)

• tām: that
• tām: Visheshana (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tad (तद् सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गः, द्वितीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; पुरीम् इति विशेषणम्

• purīm: city
• purīm: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: purī (पुरी प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गः, द्वितीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्

Context

Having left (that city) with the valiant and self-restrained Rama, how can we now return without him ?

Characters & Entities

• Rama
• Ayodhya
• Ayodhya citizens

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is tied to moral leadership: the city’s identity and ethical stability are felt to depend on the presence of a self-restrained, righteous prince.

What is the narrative situation?

The citizens, having once left with Rama, now feel shame and grief at the thought of returning to Ayodhya without him.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rama’s self-mastery (jitātmatā) as a public virtue that inspires confidence and moral order.