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Shloka 16

सीताया रावणनिन्दा — अशोकवनिकाप्रवेशः

Sita’s Rebuke of Ravana; Removal to the Ashoka Grove

यदा विनाशो भूतानां दृश्यते कालचोदितः।तदा कार्ये प्रमाद्यन्ति नराः कालवशं गताः।।।।

yadā vināśo bhūtānāṃ dṛśyate kālacoditaḥ | tadā kārye pramādyanti narāḥ kālavaśaṃ gatāḥ ||

เมื่อความพินาศของสรรพสัตว์ซึ่งถูกกาละ (กาลเวลา) ขับเคลื่อนปรากฏใกล้เข้ามา เมื่อนั้นมนุษย์ผู้ตกอยู่ใต้อำนาจกาละย่อมเผลอพลาดในกิจที่ทำ

yadāwhen
yadā:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Temporal)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyadā (अव्यय)
Formकालवाचक-अव्यय (temporal adverb: ‘when’)
vināśaḥdestruction
vināśaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootvināśa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
bhūtānāṃof living beings
bhūtānāṃ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootbhūta (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, बहुवचन; ‘of beings’
dṛśyateis seen
dṛśyate:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootdṛś (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; passive/medio-passive sense ‘is seen/appears’
kālacoditaḥimpelled by time
kālacoditaḥ:
Visheshana (विशेषण of ‘vināśaḥ’)
TypeAdjective
Rootkāla-codita (कृदन्त + प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; tatpuruṣa: kāla (time) + codita (क्त from √cud ‘impelled’)
tadāthen
tadā:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Temporal)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottadā (अव्यय)
Formकालवाचक-अव्यय (then)
kāryein (their) duty
kārye:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Domain)
TypeNoun
Rootkārya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; ‘in the matter of duty/work’
pramādyantibecome negligent / blunder
pramādyanti:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootpra-mad (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन
narāḥmen
narāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootnara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
kālavaśaṃunder the sway of time
kālavaśaṃ:
Gati-karman (गतिकर्म/Goal-state with ‘gatāḥ’)
TypeNoun
Rootkāla-vaśa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; tatpuruṣa: kāla (time) + vaśa (control) used adverbially with ‘gatāḥ’ = ‘having come under time’s control’
gatāḥhaving become
gatāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता; predicate participle of ‘narāḥ’)
TypeVerb
Rootgam (धातु)
Formक्त (past participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; ‘having gone/come to (a state)’

When destruction draws near, people being prompted by time start commiting blunders in their deeds.

S
Sītā
R
Rāvaṇa
K
Kāla (Time/Death)

FAQs

Moral failure often precedes downfall: when ruin approaches, discernment collapses. Dharma requires vigilance and right judgment.

Sītā interprets Rāvaṇa’s rash act as a sign that his end is near.

Sītā’s insight and discernment (viveka) in reading ethical causality in events.