Shloka 39

सीताहरण

विलापः / The Lament at Jatāyu and the Abduction of Sītā

Devanagari script

नास्ति धर्मः कुतस्सत्यं नार्जवं नानृशंसता।यत्र रामस्य वैदेहीं भार्यां हरति रावणः।।।।इति सर्वाणि भूतानि गणशः पर्यदेवयन्।

Transliteration

nāsti dharmaḥ kutas satyaṃ nārjavaṃ nānṛśaṃsatā |

yatra rāmasya vaidēhīṃ bhāryāṃ harati rāvaṇaḥ ||

iti sarvāṇi bhūtāni gaṇaśaḥ paryadevayan |

Translation

“ที่ใดราวณะฉุดเอานางไวเทหี พระชายาของพระรามไป ที่นั่นย่อมไม่มีธรรม แล้วความสัตย์ ความซื่อตรง และความเมตตาจะมีได้อย่างไร” ดังนี้สรรพสัตว์ทั้งหลายต่างพากันคร่ำครวญเป็นหมู่ๆ

Word by Word

• न: not
• न: सम्बन्ध (अव्यय-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-निपात (negation particle)

• अस्ति: exists/is
• अस्ति: क्रिया (आख्यात)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• धर्मः: dharma/righteousness
• धर्मः: कर्तृ (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्म (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• कुतः: how/whence
• कुतः: सम्बन्ध (अव्यय-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कुतः (अव्यय/प्रश्न)
• Form: प्रश्नाव्यय (interrogative indeclinable) ‘whence/how then’

• सत्यम्: truth
• सत्यम्: कर्तृ (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सत्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; अत्र प्रथमा (as subject)

• न: not
• न: सम्बन्ध (अव्यय-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-निपात

• आर्जवम्: uprightness
• आर्जवम्: कर्तृ (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आर्जव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; अत्र प्रथमा (as subject)

• न: not
• न: सम्बन्ध (अव्यय-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-निपात

• अनृशंसता: compassion/non-cruelty
• अनृशंसता: कर्तृ (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अनृशंसता (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• यत्र: where
• यत्र: अधिकरण (अधिकरणार्थे)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यत्र (अव्यय)
• Form: सम्बन्धाव्यय (relative adverb) ‘where’

• रामस्य: of Rāma
• रामस्य: सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), एकवचन (genitive)

• वैदेहीम्: Vaidehī (Sītā)
• वैदेहीम्: कर्म (कर्मकारक)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वैदेही (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• भार्याम्: wife
• भार्याम्: कर्म (कर्मकारक)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भार्या (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; वैदेहीम् इत्यस्य अप्पोजिशन (apposition)

• हरति: abducts/carries off
• हरति: क्रिया (आख्यात)
• Type: Verb
• Root: हृ (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• रावणः: Rāvaṇa
• रावणः: कर्तृ (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रावण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• इति: thus
• इति: सम्बन्ध (वाक्य-समाप्ति/उद्धरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (अव्यय)
• Form: उद्धरण-निपात (quotative particle)

• सर्वाणि: all
• सर्वाणि: कर्तृ (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विशेषणम् (qualifying भूतानि)

• भूतानि: beings
• भूतानि: कर्तृ (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भूत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• गणशः: in groups
• गणशः: सम्बन्ध (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: गणशः (अव्यय)
• Form: क्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय (adverb) ‘in groups’

• पर्यदेवयन्: lamented/wailed
• पर्यदेवयन्: क्रिया (आख्यात)
• Type: Verb
• Root: परि + दिव् (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; परस्मैपद; धातु ‘दिव्’ (to lament) with उपसर्ग ‘परि’

Context

The sylvan deities shivered, seeing Sita's grief and cried aloud.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Sītā (Vaidehī)
• Rāvaṇa
• All beings (bhūtāni)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

It asserts that dharma, satya (truth), ārjava (uprightness), and compassion are mutually reinforcing; an act like abducting another’s wife is a decisive sign of adharma that negates these virtues.

What is the narrative situation?

Immediately after Sītā’s abduction, the natural and living world responds with collective grief and moral outrage.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rāma’s moral stature is implied: harming his blameless wife is portrayed as an assault on the very foundations of ethical life.