Shloka 2

जटायुरुपदेशः — Jatāyu Confronts Rāvaṇa

Ethical Admonition and Challenge

Devanagari script

ततः पर्वतकूटाभस्तीक्ष्णतुण्डः खगोत्तमः।वनस्पतिगतश्श्रीमान्व्याजहार शुभां गिरम्।।।।

Transliteration

tataḥ parvatakūṭābhas tīkṣṇatuṇḍaḥ khagottamaḥ | vanaspatigataḥ śrīmān vyājahāra śubhāṃ giram ||

Translation

แล้วชฏายุผู้รุ่งเรือง—ยอดแห่งปักษา จะงอยปากคม ดุจยอดเขา—สถิตบนยอดไม้ กล่าววาจามงคลออกมา

Word by Word

• ततः: then
• ततः: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (काल-अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatas (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; adverb of time/sequence

• पर्वतकूटाभः: mountain-peak-like
• पर्वतकूटाभः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: parvata-kūṭa-ābha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) compound: पर्वतकूटस्य आभः; Pumliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; adjectival to khagottamaḥ

• तीक्ष्णतुण्डः: sharp-beaked
• तीक्ष्णतुण्डः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tīkṣṇa-tuṇḍa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Karmadhāraya (कर्मधारय) compound: तीक्ष्णं तुण्डं यस्य; Pumliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana

• खगोत्तमः: best of birds
• खगोत्तमः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: khaga-uttama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa: खगानाम् उत्तमः; Pumliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana

• वनस्पतिगतः: gone onto a tree
• वनस्पतिगतः: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vanaspati-gata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa: वनस्पतौ गतः; Pumliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; adjectival to khagottamaḥ

• श्रीमान्: splendid/glorious
• श्रीमान्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śrīmat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pumliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; possessive adjective (मतुप्)

• व्याजहार: uttered
• व्याजहार: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vi-ā-√hṛ (धातु)
• Form: Liṭ (लिट्, Perfect), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Ekavacana; Parasmaipada

• शुभाम्: auspicious
• शुभाम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śubhā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; qualifies giram

• गिरम्: speech/words
• गिरम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: gir (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana

Context

On account of Surpanakha, Khara trespassed into Janasthana and got killed by Rama, without much effort. Tell me truly, what transgression (of dharma) did he commit for which you are stealing away the wife of Rama who is the lord of this world?.

Characters & Entities

• Jatāyu
• tree (vanaspati)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma begins with timely, auspicious counsel: a righteous elder intervenes through speech before force, attempting to prevent adharma at its outset.

What is the narrative situation?

Jatāyu, seeing the unfolding threat to Sītā, positions himself on a tree and begins to address the abductor.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Moral vigilance and responsibility—Jatāyu’s readiness to speak up against wrongdoing.