Shloka 1

खरसेनासङ्ग्रामः

The Battle with Khara’s Host at the Hermitage

Devanagari script

अवष्टब्धधनुं रामं क्रुद्धं च रिपुघातिनम्।ददर्शाऽश्रममागम्य खरस्सह पुरस्सरैः।।।।

Transliteration

avaṣṭabdha-dhanuṃ rāmaṃ kruddhaṃ ca ripu-ghātinam |

dadarśāśramam āgamya kharaḥ saha purassaraiḥ ||

Translation

เมื่อมาถึงอาศรมพร้อมกองหน้าของตน ขระได้เห็นพระราม—ทรงค้ำคันศรไว้มั่น ทรงพิโรธ และพร้อมเป็นผู้พิฆาตศัตรู

Word by Word

• avaṣṭabdha-dhanum: holding the bow
• avaṣṭabdha-dhanum: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: avaṣṭabdha (कृदन्त; √stambh/ष्टम्भ् धातु, past participle) + dhanu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); compound meaning 'having held/steadied the bow' qualifying rāmam

• rāmam: Rama
• rāmam: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• kruddham: angry
• kruddham: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kruddha (कृदन्त; √krudh धातु, past participle)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); qualifying rāmam

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चय-अव्यय)

• ripu-ghātinam: slayer of enemies
• ripu-ghātinam: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ripu (प्रातिपदिक) + ghātin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); 'enemy-slayer' qualifying rāmam

• dadarśa: saw
• dadarśa: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: dṛś (धातु)
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); Parasmaipada

• āśramam: the hermitage
• āśramam: Karma (कर्म/Object/goal)
• Type: Noun
• Root: āśrama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); goal of motion with āgamya

• āgamya: having arrived
• āgamya: Kriya-viśeṣaṇa (क्रिया-विशेषण/preceding action)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ā-√gam (धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा/ल्यप्), avyaya usage; 'having come/arrived'

• kharaḥ: Khara
• kharaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: khara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• saha: together with
• saha: Sahakāraka (सहकारक/Accompaniment marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: saha (अव्यय)
• Form: Prepositional indeclinable (सह-योगे) governing Instrumental

• purassaraiḥ: with the vanguard/attendants
• purassaraiḥ: Sahakāraka (सहकारक/Accompaniment)
• Type: Noun
• Root: purassara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural (बहुवचन); with saha

Context

Khara accompanied by his pilot party arrived at the hermitage of Rama, the destroyer of enemies and saw him in fury, standing ready with his bow.

Characters & Entities

• Khara
• Rama
• Ashrama (hermitage)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is protective resolve: Rama stands prepared to defend the hermitage and uphold righteous order against violent aggression.

What is the narrative situation?

Khara reaches Rama’s hermitage with his troops and beholds Rama already poised for combat.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rama’s readiness and guardianship—calm preparedness to confront adharma threatening the forest-dwellers and ascetics.