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Shloka 21

Description and Measurements of Śākadvīpa

with Oceans, Mountains, Varṣas, and Rivers

श्यामो यस्मात्प्रवृत्तो वै तस्मात्श्यामगिरिः स्मृतः । ततः परं मुनिश्रेष्ठा दुर्गशैलो महोदयः

śyāmo yasmātpravṛtto vai tasmātśyāmagiriḥ smṛtaḥ | tataḥ paraṃ muniśreṣṭhā durgaśailo mahodayaḥ

เพราะศยามะได้กำเนิดจากที่นั้น จึงเป็นที่ระลึกนามว่า “ศยามคิริ” และถัดไปจากนั้น โอ้เหล่ามุนีผู้ประเสริฐ มีภูเขาสูงอันเป็นมงคลยิ่ง นามว่า “ทุรคไศละ”

श्यामःdark (one)
श्यामः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootश्याम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
यस्मात्from which
यस्मात्:
Apadana (Source/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/Ablative), एकवचन; सर्वनाम
प्रवृत्तःarose; originated
प्रवृत्तः:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + वृत्त्/वृत् (धातु) → प्रवृत्त (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकृदन्त (क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; अर्थे—'उत्पन्न/प्रारब्ध'
वैindeed
वै:
Nipata (Emphasis/निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निश्चयार्थक-निपात (emphatic particle)
तस्मात्therefore; from that
तस्मात्:
Hetu/Apadana (Cause-Source/हेतु-अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/Ablative), एकवचन; सर्वनाम
श्यामगिरिःthe dark mountain (Śyāmagiri)
श्यामगिरिः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootश्याम (प्रातिपदिक) + गिरि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; समासः—कर्मधारयः (श्यामः गिरिः)
स्मृतःis called; is remembered
स्मृतः:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootस्मृ (धातु) → स्मृत (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकृदन्त (क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; कर्मणि-प्रयोगार्थ (is called/remembered)
ततःthen; thereafter
ततः:
Kriya-visheshana (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; क्रम/अपादानार्थक क्रियाविशेषण (then; thereafter/from there)
परम्further; next
परम्:
Kriya-visheshana (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्ययवत् (adverbial accusative)
मुनिश्रेष्ठाःO best of sages
मुनिश्रेष्ठाः:
Sambodhana (Address/सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootमुनि (प्रातिपदिक) + श्रेष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (8th/Vocative), बहुवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुषः (मुनीनां श्रेष्ठाः)
दुर्गशैलःthe difficult mountain (Durgaśaila)
दुर्गशैलः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्ग (प्रातिपदिक) + शैल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; समासः—कर्मधारयः (दुर्गः शैलः = difficult mountain)
महोदयःof great rise/splendor
महोदयः:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootमहा (प्रातिपदिक) + उदय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; समासः—कर्मधारयः (महान् उदयः यस्य/महानुदयः)

Unspecified (narratorial voice within the chapter’s pilgrimage/geographical description)

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Type: mountain

Sandhi Resolution Notes: यस्मात्प्रवृत्तो = यस्मात् + प्रवृत्तः; तस्मात्श्यामगिरिः = तस्मात् + श्यामगिरिः

Ś
Śyāma
Ś
Śyāmagiri
D
Durgaśaila
D
Durgā

FAQs

It preserves sacred geography through etiological naming: a location is remembered by a name (Śyāmagiri) explained via an origin story, and it maps the next landmark (Durgaśaila) in sequence.

By linking landscape to divine names (Śyāma, Durgā), it frames geography as devotional memory—places become supports for remembrance, pilgrimage, and reverence.

It suggests that sacred places are not merely physical; they are carriers of meaning preserved through tradition (smṛti), encouraging reverent attention to lineage, memory, and sanctified space.