Shloka 21

The Glory of Bhārata-varṣa: Enumerating Mountains, Rivers, and Regions

Devanagari script

सदावीरामधृष्यां च कुशचीरां महानदीम् । रथचित्रां ज्योतिरथां विश्वामित्रां कपिंजलाम्

Transliteration

sadāvīrāmadhṛṣyāṃ ca kuśacīrāṃ mahānadīm | rathacitrāṃ jyotirathāṃ viśvāmitrāṃ kapiṃjalām

Translation

และ (ท่านกล่าวถึง) สทาวีรา มธฤษยา กุศจีรา และมหานทีอันยิ่งใหญ่; อีกทั้ง รถวจิตรา โชติรถา วิศวามิตรา และกปิญชลา

Word by Word

• सदावीराम्: Sadāvīrā (river-name)
• सदावीराम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सदा-वीरा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय: सदा वीरा; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• अधृष्याम्: unassailable, unconquerable
• अधृष्याम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अधृष्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नञ्-निषेध: न धृष्या; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• कुशचीराम्: Kuśacīrā (river-name)
• कुशचीराम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुशचीरा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• महानदीम्: Mahānadī (river-name)
• महानदीम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महा-नदी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय: महती नदी; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• रथचित्राम्: Rathacitrā (river-name)
• रथचित्राम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ-चित्रा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय: रथवत् चित्रा/रथस्य चित्रा; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• ज्योतिरथाम्: Jyotirathā (river-name)
• ज्योतिरथाम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ज्योति-रथा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष: ज्योति(ः) + रथा; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• विश्वामित्राम्: Viśvāmitrā (river-name)
• विश्वामित्राम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विश्वामित्रा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• कपिंजलाम्: Kapiñjalā (river-name)
• कपिंजलाम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कपिंजला (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

Speaker

Unspecified narrator (context appears to be a catalog/listing within the Svarga-khaṇḍa; exact dialogue speaker not stated in the provided excerpt).

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Geographic Context

Type: river

Sandhi Resolution Notes

Sandhi Resolution Notes: सदावीरामधृष्यां = सदावीराम् + अधृष्याम् (म् + अ → म).

Characters & Entities

• Sadāvīrā
• Madhṛṣyā
• Kuśacīrā
• Mahānadī
• Rathacitrā
• Jyotirathā
• Viśvāmitrā
• Kapiñjalā

FAQs

What does this verse reveal about the geography of sacred Tirthas?

It functions as a purāṇic catalog of river-names, reflecting the Padma Purana’s encyclopedic mapping of sacred landscapes where rivers are treated as tirthas (crossing-places) and objects of pilgrimage.

How does this verse emphasize the path of Bhakti?

Indirectly: by venerating rivers through remembrance and enumeration, the text supports devotional practice (bhakti) expressed as reverent recollection of sacred entities tied to pilgrimage and purity.

What is the ethical lesson from this dialogue?

The implied lesson is reverence for sacred nature and the cultivation of purity through mindful remembrance of tirthas—encouraging disciplined, respectful engagement with holy places rather than neglect or irreverence.